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AP Human Geography Vocabulary Unit 4

Free AP Human Geography Tests

Home AP Practice Tests AP Human Geography Vocabulary Tests Unit 4 Vocabulary Test

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AP Human Geography Unit 4 Vocabulary Test

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Question 1 of 52

1. Question

Bolivia has a permanent population, a defined territory, a government in La Paz and Sucre, and is recognized by other countries as having full authority over its own affairs. In political geography, Bolivia is a

nation
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region
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state
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territory
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Question 2 of 52

2. Question

The Kurds number roughly 30 million people with a shared language and culture, but their homeland is divided among Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria, and they have never had an independent country of their own. The Kurds are best described as a

stateless nation
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nation-state
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multinational state
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multistate nation
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Question 3 of 52

3. Question

The Basque people of northern Spain and southwestern France share a distinct language unrelated to any other in Europe, along with unique traditions and a strong sense of common identity. Regardless of which country they live in, the Basques constitute a

state
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federal unit
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sovereign territory
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nation
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Question 4 of 52

4. Question

About 98 percent of Japan’s population is ethnically Japanese, shares one language, and identifies with a single national culture that aligns almost exactly with the country’s borders. Japan is a classic example of a

multistate nation
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nation-state
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multinational state
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stateless nation
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Question 5 of 52

5. Question

Russia’s population includes ethnic Russians as well as Tatars, Chechens, Bashkirs, and dozens of other groups, many of which have their own languages and traditional homelands inside Russia’s borders. Russia is an example of a

nation-state
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stateless nation
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multistate nation
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multinational state
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Question 6 of 52

6. Question

The Korean people share a common language, history, and culture, yet since 1948 they have lived in two separate sovereign countries, North Korea and South Korea. This situation is an example of a

multistate nation
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multinational state
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nation-state
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stateless nation
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Question 7 of 52

7. Question

The Navajo Nation governs its own courts, police, and schools across a territory in Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, but it remains within the United States and does not have full sovereignty. This territory is best classified as a

stateless nation
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failed state
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semiautonomous region
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multistate nation
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Question 8 of 52

8. Question

When the United Nations was asked to intervene in a civil conflict, the country’s government refused, stating that no outside body had the right to make decisions about what happened inside its borders. The principle the government invoked is

self-determination
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sovereignty
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territoriality
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devolution
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Question 9 of 52

9. Question

In 2011, the people of southern Sudan voted in a referendum to separate from Sudan and form the independent country of South Sudan. The principle that justified this vote is

irredentism
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supranationalism
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neocolonialism
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self-determination
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Question 10 of 52

10. Question

Indigenous groups in the Amazon basin mark the limits of their ancestral lands, restrict who may enter, and tie their identity, religion, and economy to that specific territory. This connection between a people and the land they claim is called

territoriality
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sovereignty
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regionalism
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nationalism
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Question 11 of 52

11. Question

In the 1600s, England established settlements along the Atlantic coast of North America, sent governors to rule them, and extracted timber, tobacco, and furs for the home country. This direct control and settlement of overseas territory is an example of

imperialism
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colonialism
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neocolonialism
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devolution
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Question 12 of 52

12. Question

In the late 1800s, European powers extended their political and economic control across nearly all of Africa, sometimes through colonies but also through protectorates, trade agreements, and military pressure, without always sending settlers. This broader extension of power over other territories is called

devolution
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supranationalism
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self-determination
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imperialism
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Question 13 of 52

13. Question

Decades after gaining independence, a West African country still depends on its former colonial ruler for most of its loans, sells nearly all its exports to companies headquartered there, and uses a currency pegged to that country’s economy. This continued outside control is an example of

neocolonialism
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colonialism
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imperialism
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supranationalism
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Question 14 of 52

14. Question

Between 1945 and 1975, more than 70 former colonies in Asia and Africa became independent states, many through negotiated transfers of power and some through armed struggle. This wave of independence is known as

devolution
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balkanization
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decolonization
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irredentism
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Question 15 of 52

15. Question

Roughly one-fifth of the world’s oil passes through the Strait of Hormuz, a narrow waterway between Iran and Oman that is only about 21 miles wide at its narrowest point. Whoever controls the strait can disrupt global energy supplies. The Strait of Hormuz is an example of a

shatterbelt
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buffer state
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choke point
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exclave
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Question 16 of 52

16. Question

During the Cold War, Eastern Europe sat between the Soviet Union and the NATO alliance, and its countries were repeatedly pulled into the rivalry between the two superpowers. In political geography, this region was a

choke point
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shatterbelt
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demilitarized zone
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perforated state
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Question 17 of 52

17. Question

In 1904, a British geographer argued that whoever controlled the vast interior of Eurasia, far from naval reach and rich in resources, would eventually command the world. This idea is known as the

rimland theory
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domino theory
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world systems theory
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heartland theory
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Question 18 of 52

18. Question

A later geographer countered that the coastal fringes of Eurasia, with their dense populations, ports, and access to sea trade, were the real key to global power, and that whoever controlled them could contain the interior. This argument is the

rimland theory
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heartland theory
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containment theory
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shatterbelt theory
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Question 19 of 52

19. Question

Chile stretches more than 2,600 miles from north to south but averages only about 110 miles wide, making it difficult to govern distant regions and defend the full length of its borders. Chile is an example of a(n)

compact state
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elongated state
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prorupted state
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fragmented state
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Question 20 of 52

20. Question

Indonesia consists of more than 17,000 islands spread across 3,000 miles of ocean, while South Africa completely surrounds the independent country of Lesotho. Indonesia and South Africa are examples, respectively, of

elongated and compact states
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prorupted and elongated states
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fragmented and perforated states
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compact and fragmented states
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Question 21 of 52

21. Question

In 1846, the United States and Britain agreed to extend the border between the U.S. and Canada along the 49th parallel across territory that was still largely unsettled and had no established towns or farms. This boundary is best classified as

subsequent
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consequent
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relict
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antecedent
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Question 22 of 52

22. Question

After centuries of settlement, the border between France and Spain was formally fixed along the crest of the Pyrenees in 1659, following the line where French-speaking and Spanish-speaking communities had already come to be divided. This boundary is best classified as

antecedent
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subsequent
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superimposed
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geometric
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Question 23 of 52

23. Question

When British India was partitioned in 1947, the new border between India and Pakistan was drawn to separate Hindu-majority areas from Muslim-majority areas. This boundary is best classified as

consequent
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antecedent
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geometric
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superimposed
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Question 24 of 52

24. Question

At the Berlin Conference of 1884–85, European powers drew the colonial borders of Africa with little regard for where existing ethnic groups, kingdoms, and language communities actually lived. Many of these borders remain today. These boundaries are best classified as

antecedent
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consequent
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superimposed
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relict
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Question 25 of 52

25. Question

The Berlin Wall was torn down in 1989, yet today a line of cobblestones traces its former path through the city, and differences in architecture and streetcar networks still reveal where East and West Berlin once met. The former East–West boundary is an example of a

relict boundary
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geometric boundary
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antecedent boundary
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subsequent boundary
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Question 26 of 52

26. Question

The border between Egypt and Libya runs in a straight line along the 25th meridian for hundreds of miles across the Sahara, ignoring terrain and the movements of nomadic groups. This boundary is best classified as

physical
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consequent
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relict
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geometric
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Question 27 of 52

27. Question

The Rio Grande forms most of the border between Texas and Mexico, and the Pyrenees mountains separate France from Spain. These boundaries are examples of

geometric boundaries
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physical boundaries
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superimposed boundaries
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relict boundaries
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Question 28 of 52

28. Question

Two countries sign a treaty describing their shared border in words, then cartographers draw it on official maps, then survey crews place concrete markers along it, and finally border police begin enforcing it. In order, these four steps are called

demarcating, delimiting, defining, administering
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delimiting, defining, administering, demarcating
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defining, delimiting, demarcating, administering
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defining, demarcating, delimiting, administering
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Question 29 of 52

29. Question

In 1884–85, representatives of 14 European states met in Germany to set rules for claiming African territory and to divide the continent among themselves, without a single African representative present. This meeting was the

Berlin Conference
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Congress of Vienna
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Treaty of Tordesillas
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Yalta Conference
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Question 30 of 52

30. Question

A 2.5-mile-wide strip of land runs across the Korean Peninsula where, by agreement, neither North nor South Korea may station troops or weapons, even though the two countries remain technically at war. This strip is a

shatterbelt
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buffer state
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relict boundary
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demilitarized zone
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Question 31 of 52

31. Question

Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, a coastal country holds full sovereignty over the waters extending 12 nautical miles from its shore, where it may enforce its laws just as it does on land. This 12-mile zone is the country’s

exclusive economic zone
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contiguous zone
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territorial sea
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continental shelf
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Question 32 of 52

32. Question

Under the same convention, a coastal country has the sole right to fish, drill for oil, and mine the seabed up to 200 nautical miles from its shore, even though it does not have full sovereignty over that water. This 200-mile area is the country’s

territorial sea
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exclusive economic zone
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contiguous zone
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high seas
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Question 33 of 52

33. Question

Every ten years, after the national census is complete, each U.S. state must redraw the boundaries of its congressional districts so that each district contains roughly the same number of people. This process is called

reapportionment
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gerrymandering
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devolution
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redistricting
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Question 34 of 52

34. Question

During that process, one state’s legislature drew its districts so that nearly all voters from the opposing party were concentrated into two oddly shaped districts, leaving the remaining districts safely in the majority party’s control. This practice is called

gerrymandering
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reapportionment
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redistricting
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devolution
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Question 35 of 52

35. Question

Bolivia lost its Pacific coast to Chile in the 1880s, and ever since, all of its ocean-bound exports must travel through the ports of neighboring countries, raising costs and leaving its trade vulnerable to its neighbors’ policies. Bolivia is a(n)

perforated state
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exclave
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landlocked state
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fragmented state
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Question 36 of 52

36. Question

Kaliningrad is a piece of Russian territory on the Baltic Sea that is completely separated from the rest of Russia by Lithuania and Poland. Kaliningrad is an example of a(n)

exclave
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enclave
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buffer state
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prorupted state
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Question 37 of 52

37. Question

Thailand has a compact core in the north but a long, narrow extension stretching south down the Malay Peninsula, originally giving it access to additional coastline and trade routes. Thailand is an example of a(n)

elongated state
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fragmented state
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compact state
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prorupted state
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Question 38 of 52

38. Question

In France, the national government in Paris sets education standards, controls the police, and appoints regional prefects; regional and local governments carry out policy but have little independent authority. France is an example of a

federal state
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unitary state
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confederation
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multinational state
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Question 39 of 52

39. Question

Germany’s 16 states, known as Länder, each have their own constitution, parliament, and control over education and policing, while the national government in Berlin handles defense, foreign policy, and currency. Germany is an example of a

unitary state
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supranational organization
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autonomous region
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federal state
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Question 40 of 52

40. Question

In 1999, the United Kingdom created a Scottish Parliament with authority over Scotland’s health care, education, and justice systems, powers that had previously been exercised from London. This transfer of authority is an example of

supranationalism
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balkanization
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devolution
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irredentism
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Question 41 of 52

41. Question

In 2017, the regional government of Catalonia held a referendum on independence from Spain, arguing that Catalans have their own language, culture, and history and should govern themselves as a separate country. This movement is an example of

ethnic separatism
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ethnic cleansing
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supranationalism
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irredentism
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Question 42 of 52

42. Question

During the Bosnian War of the 1990s, armed forces systematically expelled Bosnian Muslims from towns and villages in order to create ethnically uniform territories under their control. This practice is known as

irredentism
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ethnic cleansing
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assimilation
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ethnic separatism
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Question 43 of 52

43. Question

In 2014, Russia annexed the Crimean Peninsula from Ukraine, justifying the move by pointing to Crimea’s ethnic Russian majority and its historical ties to Russia. Russia’s claim to Crimea is an example of

devolution
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self-determination
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supranationalism
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irredentism
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Question 44 of 52

44. Question

For three decades, the Basque group ETA carried out bombings and assassinations in Spain with the goal of forcing the government to grant the Basque region independence. ETA’s campaign is an example of which devolutionary pressure?

irredentism
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economic nationalism
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terrorism
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ethnic cleansing
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Question 45 of 52

45. Question

Between 1991 and 2008, Yugoslavia broke apart into seven separate countries, including Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, and Kosovo, largely along ethnic and religious lines and often through war. This fragmentation of a state into smaller, hostile units is called

balkanization
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devolution
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decolonization
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supranationalism
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Question 46 of 52

46. Question

When countries adopt the euro, they give up control of their own currency and interest rates to the European Central Bank, and they must follow European Union rules on trade and budgets. Member states accept these limits in exchange for access to a large shared market. This arrangement is an example of

devolution
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supranationalism
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neocolonialism
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federalism
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Incorrect
Question 47 of 52

47. Question

NATO, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the African Union, and the Arctic Council each bring together multiple countries that agree to coordinate military, economic, or environmental policy and to abide by the group’s shared decisions. Each of these bodies is a

federal state
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multinational state
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trade bloc
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supranational organization
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Question 48 of 52

48. Question

Ten small countries in southern Africa agreed to eliminate tariffs among themselves and negotiate as one bloc with outside trading partners, reasoning that a combined market of 300 million people could secure better terms and lower costs than any single member. The economic logic behind forming this bloc is called

comparative advantage
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neocolonialism
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economies of scale
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commodity dependence
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Question 49 of 52

49. Question

For much of the 1990s and 2000s, Somalia had no functioning central government: rival militias controlled different regions, basic services collapsed, and piracy flourished off its coast because no authority could stop it. During this period Somalia was an example of a

failed state
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stateless nation
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unitary state
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shatterbelt
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Incorrect
Question 50 of 52

50. Question

Despite having many regional dialects, Italy requires standard Italian in all schools, broadcasts a single national anthem at public events, and celebrates a shared Republic Day each June. These practices function as

centrifugal forces
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centripetal forces
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devolutionary forces
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supranational forces
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Question 51 of 52

51. Question

Northern Italy is far wealthier and more industrialized than the south, and some northern political movements have argued that the region should keep more of its tax revenue or even break away from the rest of the country. The economic gap between north and south acts as a

centripetal force
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choke point
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supranational force
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centrifugal force
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Incorrect
Question 52 of 52

52. Question

In Hungary, political leaders have promoted the idea that the state exists primarily to serve ethnic Hungarians, celebrating Magyar heritage, extending citizenship to ethnic Hungarians living in neighboring countries, and framing national identity around shared ancestry. This form of nationalism is called

supranationalism
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irredentism
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ethnonationalism
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multiculturalism
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Correct

Incorrect

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