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AP Human Geography Vocabulary Unit 3

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Home AP Practice Tests AP Human Geography Vocabulary Tests Unit 3 Vocabulary Test

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AP Human Geography Unit 3 Vocabulary Test

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Question 1 of 44

1. Question

A geographer studying a community in rural Japan documents the language people speak, the rice they grow, the Shinto shrines they visit, the way houses are built, and the customs passed from parents to children. Taken together, these shared practices, beliefs, and behaviors make up the community’s

cultural landscape
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culture
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culture trait
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sense of place
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Question 2 of 44

2. Question

In much of India, eating with the right hand rather than with utensils is a customary practice that distinguishes the region from Europe or East Asia. This single, specific element of a culture is a

culture complex
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cultural hearth
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culture trait
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cultural region
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Question 3 of 44

3. Question

In the American South, a related set of traits — barbecue, country and gospel music, evangelical Protestantism, Southern dialect, and a tradition of hospitality — occur together across a recognizable area of the country. This combination of interrelated traits, and the area where it dominates, are known as a

culture complex and cultural region
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culture trait and cultural hearth
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cultural landscape and functional region
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sense of place and placemaking
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Question 4 of 44

4. Question

Driving through central Pennsylvania, a traveler sees stone barns with hex signs, horse-drawn buggies, farmland divided into small plots, and plain white churches without steeples. The visible imprint that the Amish and Pennsylvania German communities have left on the land is their

culture complex
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sequent occupance
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formal region
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cultural landscape
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Question 5 of 44

5. Question

In Istanbul, the Hagia Sophia was built as a Byzantine Christian cathedral, converted into an Ottoman mosque with added minarets, later made a museum, and surrounded over the centuries by Roman, Byzantine, Ottoman, and modern Turkish buildings. The way successive cultures have each left their mark on this landscape is called

sequent occupance
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placemaking
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cultural convergence
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syncretism
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Question 6 of 44

6. Question

In one neighborhood, houses are built of local stone in a style that has changed little in 300 years and reflects the region’s climate and history. In another, a new museum combines glass, steel, and playful references to several historical styles at once, with no connection to local tradition. The two neighborhoods illustrate, respectively,

postmodern and traditional architecture
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traditional and postmodern architecture
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vernacular and formal regions
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ethnic and universalizing landscapes
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Question 7 of 44

7. Question

A visitor to Mongolia observes families who live in felt tents and move their herds across the steppe several times a year. Rather than judging the practice as primitive, she tries to understand how it suits the region’s climate, grasslands, and history. Her approach is an example of

ethnocentrism
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cultural determinism
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cultural relativism
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assimilation
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Question 8 of 44

8. Question

A traveler from the United States visits a country where meals are eaten sitting on the floor and complains that the custom is backward and uncivilized compared with sitting at a table. The traveler’s attitude is an example of

ethnocentrism
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cultural relativism
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nativism
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acculturation
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Question 9 of 44

9. Question

Long-time residents of New Orleans describe their city in terms of its jazz, Creole food, shotgun houses, Mardi Gras, and a feeling that “there’s nowhere else like it.” The strong emotional attachment and distinctive identity they associate with the city reflect its

site
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culture complex
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functional region
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sense of place
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Question 10 of 44

10. Question

A city transforms a neglected waterfront into a public plaza with local art, a weekly farmers’ market, outdoor concerts, and benches designed by neighborhood residents, deliberately giving the space a character that reflects the community. This process is called

gentrification
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placemaking
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urban renewal
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sequent occupance
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Question 11 of 44

11. Question

In San Francisco’s Chinatown, most residents are of Chinese descent, signs are written in Chinese characters, shops sell Chinese foods and goods, and temples and community associations serve the Chinese population. This area is a(n)

ethnic neighborhood
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perceptual region
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indigenous community
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cultural hearth
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Question 12 of 44

12. Question

The Maori of New Zealand are the descendants of the island’s original Polynesian settlers; they hold ancestral claims to specific lands, maintain a distinct language and customs, and have negotiated with the government for rights over traditional territories. The Maori are an example of a(n)

ethnic neighborhood
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stateless nation
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indigenous community
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diaspora
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Question 13 of 44

13. Question

In Saudi Arabia, cultural expectations have historically kept most women out of the workforce and public life, while in Sweden women make up nearly half of workers and hold many senior positions. The culturally defined expectations for how men and women should behave are called

gender roles
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culture traits
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social hierarchies
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sex ratios
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Question 14 of 44

14. Question

Although Switzerland has four official languages and both Catholic and Protestant regions, a shared commitment to neutrality, direct democracy, and Swiss identity holds the country together. In cultural terms, these shared values act as a

centrifugal force
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devolutionary force
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centripetal force
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universalizing force
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Question 15 of 44

15. Question

In Belgium, the Dutch-speaking Flemish north and the French-speaking Walloon south have separate political parties, media, and school systems, and disputes over language have repeatedly brought down national governments. In cultural terms, the language divide acts as a

centripetal force
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centrifugal force
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lingua franca
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creolizing force
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Question 16 of 44

16. Question

Hip-hop music originated in the Bronx in New York City in the 1970s and from there spread across the United States and eventually the world. In the geography of hip-hop, the Bronx is the

cultural landscape
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node of convergence
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functional region
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cultural hearth
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Question 17 of 44

17. Question

When Italian immigrants moved to New York, Buenos Aires, and São Paulo in the late 1800s, they brought pizza, pasta, and Catholic festivals with them, establishing these practices in each new city. The spread of Italian culture through the physical movement of Italians is

relocation diffusion
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contagious diffusion
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hierarchical diffusion
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stimulus diffusion
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Question 18 of 44

18. Question

Buddhism began in northern India and gradually spread into Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia, Tibet, China, and Japan, while continuing to be practiced in its original region for centuries. The general process by which a trait spreads outward from its hearth while remaining present at the source is

relocation diffusion
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expansion diffusion
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reverse diffusion
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step diffusion
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Question 19 of 44

19. Question

In the spring of 2020, a dance challenge posted by one teenager spread within days to millions of people who saw it, copied it, and passed it along to their own friends and followers, regardless of where they lived or how important they were. This rapid, person-to-person spread is

hierarchical diffusion
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relocation diffusion
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contagious diffusion
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stimulus diffusion
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Question 20 of 44

20. Question

A new fashion trend first appears among designers and celebrities in Paris, Milan, and New York, then shows up in department stores in large cities, and only a year later reaches shopping malls in small towns. This pattern of spread from larger, more influential places to smaller ones is

hierarchical diffusion
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contagious diffusion
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relocation diffusion
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reverse hierarchical diffusion
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Question 21 of 44

21. Question

When McDonald’s expanded into India, it dropped beef and pork from the menu and introduced items like the McAloo Tikki potato burger to fit local religious and dietary practices. The spread of McDonald’s into India best illustrates

relocation diffusion
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contagious diffusion
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hierarchical diffusion
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stimulus diffusion
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Question 22 of 44

22. Question

Walmart opened its first stores in small towns in Arkansas and surrounding rural areas, then expanded to mid-sized cities, and only decades later entered major metropolitan areas such as Chicago and Los Angeles. This spread from small places up to large ones is

hierarchical diffusion
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reverse hierarchical diffusion
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contagious diffusion
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stimulus diffusion
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Question 23 of 44

23. Question

Between the 16th and 19th centuries, Spain and Portugal settled much of Latin America, imposing their languages, Catholicism, and legal systems and extracting silver and sugar for the home countries. The spread of Iberian culture through this direct rule and settlement is an example of diffusion driven by

globalization
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time-space convergence
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colonialism
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creolization
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Question 24 of 44

24. Question

In the 19th century, Britain extended its influence over India, parts of China, and much of Africa through trade monopolies, military force, and administrative control, spreading the English language, cricket, railways, and British legal ideas even in places it never heavily settled. This broader extension of power that carried British culture abroad is

imperialism
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globalization
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relocation diffusion
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ethnocentrism
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Question 25 of 44

25. Question

In Haiti, enslaved Africans speaking many different languages, French colonists, and indigenous and Spanish influences combined over generations to produce Haitian Creole, a language with French vocabulary and African grammar, along with a blended cuisine and religion. This blending of cultures into a new form is

acculturation
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assimilation
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cultural convergence
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creolization
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Question 26 of 44

26. Question

In East Africa, traders, government officials, and students who speak Kikuyu, Luo, Luganda, or dozens of other languages at home use Swahili to communicate with one another across ethnic lines. Swahili functions in the region as a

lingua franca
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creole
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dialect
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official language
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Question 27 of 44

27. Question

A smartphone designed in California is manufactured in China with parts from Korea and Taiwan, sold in 150 countries, and used everywhere to stream the same music, films, and social media. The increasing interconnection of economies, cultures, and communication worldwide that this illustrates is

cultural convergence
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imperialism
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globalization
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time-space compression
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Question 28 of 44

28. Question

In 1900, a letter from Chicago took a month to reach Tokyo and a reply took another month; today a message sent from Chicago is read in Tokyo within seconds, and the two cities’ residents interact constantly. The way communication technology has collapsed the time required for interaction across distance is called

distance decay
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time-space convergence
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cultural convergence
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hierarchical diffusion
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Question 29 of 44

29. Question

Teenagers in Seoul, São Paulo, Lagos, and Toronto now wear similar sneakers, watch the same streaming series, use the same apps, and increasingly speak some English, so that youth culture in these cities looks more alike each year. This growing similarity among cultures is

cultural divergence
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assimilation
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syncretism
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cultural convergence
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Question 30 of 44

30. Question

As global media reach their communities, some groups deliberately pull away: the Amish restrict technology, Bhutan limits television and tourism, and several indigenous communities have revived endangered languages and traditional dress to set themselves apart. The process by which cultures become more different, often in reaction to outside influence, is

cultural divergence
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cultural convergence
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acculturation
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relocation diffusion
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Question 31 of 44

31. Question

Linguists have shown that English, Spanish, Russian, Hindi, and Persian, despite sounding very different today, all descend from a single ancestral language spoken thousands of years ago, which is why they share root words for numbers and family members. This group of related languages is a

language branch
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dialect group
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language family
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lingua franca
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Question 32 of 44

32. Question

Within that larger group, Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, and Romanian are especially close to one another because they all developed from Latin within the last 2,000 years. These closely related languages form a

language family
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language branch
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creole group
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vernacular region
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Question 33 of 44

33. Question

A visitor from Boston and a visitor from Texas can understand each other easily, but they pronounce words differently, use different terms for a carbonated drink, and follow slightly different grammar in casual speech. The regional variations they speak are

separate languages
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creoles
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lingua francas
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dialects
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Question 34 of 44

34. Question

On a map of the United States, a linguist draws a line separating the region where people call a carbonated drink “soda” from the region where they call it “pop.” This boundary line between areas with different word usage is an

isogloss
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isoline
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language boundary
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toponym
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Question 35 of 44

35. Question

Place names across the American Southwest, such as Los Angeles, San Antonio, and Santa Fe, reveal that the region was settled by Spanish-speaking Catholics long before it became part of the United States. These place names are examples of

isoglosses
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toponyms
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dialects
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cultural hearths
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Question 36 of 44

36. Question

Although hundreds of languages are spoken in Nigeria, the government conducts its business, publishes its laws, and runs its schools in English, which it has designated for this purpose. In Nigeria, English is a(n)

lingua franca only
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indigenous language
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official language
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creole
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Question 37 of 44

37. Question

Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism each began in a specific place but actively seek converts, send missionaries, and now count followers of every ethnicity on every continent. Religions that appeal to all people and seek to spread worldwide are

ethnic religions
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syncretic religions
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indigenous religions
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universalizing religions
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Question 38 of 44

38. Question

Hinduism is closely tied to the culture and geography of India, has no tradition of missionary work, and is practiced almost entirely by people of Indian descent, so that its distribution outside India closely follows the Indian diaspora. Hinduism is a(n)

ethnic religion
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universalizing religion
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syncretic religion
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folk religion
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Question 39 of 44

39. Question

Every year, millions of Muslims travel to Mecca, Hindus bathe in the Ganges at Varanasi, and Jews, Christians, and Muslims visit Jerusalem, and each of these cities’ landscapes is dominated by religious structures. Locations like these that hold deep religious significance are called

cultural hearths
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pilgrimage regions
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sacred sites
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religious enclaves
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Question 40 of 44

40. Question

A family that immigrated from Vietnam to Houston now celebrates Thanksgiving, follows American football, and speaks English at work, while still speaking Vietnamese at home, cooking traditional dishes, and observing Tet each year. The family’s adoption of some American traits while keeping its own culture is

assimilation
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acculturation
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syncretism
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creolization
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Question 41 of 44

41. Question

The grandchildren of those immigrants speak only English, have never visited Vietnam, do not observe Tet, and identify simply as Americans; little trace of Vietnamese culture remains in their daily lives. This complete absorption into the host culture is

acculturation
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multiculturalism
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assimilation
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cultural divergence
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Question 42 of 44

42. Question

In the Caribbean, enslaved Africans combined their traditional spirit beliefs with the Catholic saints of their French and Spanish enslavers, producing religions such as Vodou and Santería in which African deities and Christian saints are worshipped together. This fusion of two religious traditions into a new one is

acculturation
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multiculturalism
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ethnocentrism
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syncretism
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Question 43 of 44

43. Question

Toronto’s residents come from more than 200 ethnic backgrounds, and the city funds ethnic festivals, offers services in dozens of languages, and encourages communities to maintain their distinct traditions rather than expecting them to blend into a single Canadian identity. This approach, in which many cultures coexist and are valued within one society, is

multiculturalism
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assimilation
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cultural convergence
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nationalism
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Question 44 of 44

44. Question

After decades of foreign rule, people across India rallied around a shared identity as Indians, celebrated their own history and heroes, and demanded independence so that the nation could govern itself. The strong sense of loyalty and devotion to one’s nation that fueled this movement is

ethnocentrism
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nationalism
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territoriality
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multiculturalism
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