Approximately 4,000 exoplanets have been discovered orbiting distant stars. While most exoplanets are believed to be gas ______________ few have been classified as potentially habitable Earth-like worlds.

In 1827, poet Jupiter Hammon published “An Address to the Negroes of the State of New York,” a powerful ______________ that is considered one of the earliest known works of African American literature and that has influenced generations of Black writers.

The octopus is one of the ocean’s most intelligent invertebrates. This remarkable creature can instantly change ______________ to match its surroundings.

French impressionist Claude Monet painted many outdoor landscapes of the same view, capturing the changing light and colors of nature, but he also took steps to differentiate ______________. From 1892 to 1893, for example, he created a series of 25 paintings depicting the façade of the Rouen Cathedral at different times of the day.

Extending throughout the Mediterranean region, the Greek trading network dominated maritime commerce between the eighth and fourth centuries BCE. It ______________ its peak influence during the Athenian Golden Age from 480 to 404 BCE.

Many artists throughout history have challenged the traditional boundaries between painting and sculpture, creating works that defy simple categorization. Louise Nevelson’s Sky Cathedral (1958), ______________ is a painted relief, a wall-mounted structure executed with monochromatic paint rather than traditional sculptural finishes.

Gertrude Ederle’s 1926 swim across the English Channel was not the first time that the American swimmer made international headlines. ______________ in February of 1925, Ederle had set a swimming record when she completed the 22-mile New York Harbor course in 7 hours and 11 minutes.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• The General Sherman is a giant sequoia tree in California.
• It stands in Sequoia National Park.
• It is roughly 275 feet tall.
• The General Grant is a giant sequoia tree in California.
• It stands in Kings Canyon National Park.
• It is about 268 feet tall.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• The Venus flytrap is a carnivorous plant native to North and South Carolina.
• Botanists have long believed that the plant evolved its snap-trap mechanism about 8 million years ago.
• A 2020 study coauthored by Tanya Renner and Aaron Ellison found that the Venus flytrap may have developed this mechanism as early as 15 million years ago.
• The researchers discovered molecular similarities between the Venus flytrap’s snap-trap genes and those in sundews.
• These genetic traits may have evolved from modified sticky-leaf mechanisms in ancient carnivorous plants.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Hilma af Klint was a Swedish artist.
• In 1906, she completed Group IV: The Ten Largest, a series of ten abstract paintings.
• The paintings depict mystical symbols rendered in vibrant colors on massive canvases.
• In 1915, she completed Group IX: The SUW, a series of eight abstract paintings.
• The paintings depict mystical symbols rendered in vibrant colors on large-scale surfaces.