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Question 1 of 10
While studying how urban coyotes adjust their behavior in city environments, researchers Stan Gehrt and Abigail Sage established new ______________ nocturnal behavior-specific but flexible guidelines such as movement timing and territory size and found that, in fact, such patterns are often not explained by human presence alone.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
Question 2 of 10
Recent linguistic studies of the K’iche manuscript Popol Vuh , traditionally credited to seventeenth-century scribe Francisco Ximénez, have uncovered distinctive shifts in narrative voice and ritual terminology. These variations suggest that parts of the text may be transcriptions from multiple Maya storytellers—potentially ______________ the notion of Ximénez as the sole documenter.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
Question 3 of 10
The following text is adapted from Mary Antin’s 1912 memoir The Promised Land . As a young girl, Antin immigrated from the Russian Empire to the United States.
I was born, I have lived, and I have been made over. Is it not time to write my life’s story? I am just as much out of the way as if I were dead, for I am absolutely other than the person whose story I have to tell. Physical continuity with my earlier self is no disadvantage. I could speak in the third person and not feel that I was masquerading. I can analyze my subject, I can reveal everything; for she , and not I , is my real heroine. My life I have still to live; her life ended when mine began.
Which choice best describes the main purpose of the text?
Question 4 of 10
Text 1
What determines the formation of collective memory in post-conflict societies? Some scholars have argued that initial narratives established by media coverage significantly shape how communities ultimately remember traumatic events: differences in memory across similar communities, according to this view, are largely determined by how these events were first reported and documented.
Text 2
In 2015, researchers including sociologist Elizabeth Levy Paluck studied memory formation in twenty Rwandan communities. They provided some communities with detailed media archives about the 1994 Rwandan genocide while others received minimal historical documentation, and then monitored how collective memory developed. Over three years, Paluck and colleagues regularly assessed these communities’ historical narratives, finding—unexpectedly—that by the study’s conclusion, there were minimal differences in how these communities remembered the events.
Based on the texts, how would Paluck and colleagues (Text 2) most likely evaluate the scholars’ view presented in Text 1?
Question 5 of 10
Ukiyo-e woodblock prints are often dismissed as mere commercial art from Japan’s Edo period. Yet art historians have demonstrated that these works are far more sophisticated than casual observers assume. Consider the master printmaker Hokusai: while he produced popular scenes of Mount Fuji and dramatic waves (subjects common across Japanese art traditions), his works, like those of many artists working in this medium, contain subtle commentaries on social class and political power. These layered meanings appear throughout the genre’s masterpieces, visible to those who understand the cultural context.
What does the text most strongly suggest about ukiyo-e prints?
Question 6 of 10
In a study of consumer behavior, economists Stefano DellaVigna and Ulrike Malmendier examined time-inconsistent preferences (which occur when present choices contradict long-term plans) to investigate whether they could result in beneficial financial outcomes. The researchers analyzed gym membership usage patterns, which involve immediate effort costs but attract consumers with strong future-oriented goals, often leading to payment-usage mismatches. Their analysis revealed that many consumers developed commitment devices to overcome these conflicts, ultimately transforming their initial behavioral inconsistencies.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
Question 7 of 10
“Love in the Valley” is an 1851 poem by George Meredith. In the poem, Meredith expresses deep admiration for the subject’s natural, unaffected movements, as shown when he writes, ______________
Which quotation from “Love in the Valley” most effectively illustrates the claim?
Question 8 of 10
Net-Fishing Methods in Various Pacific Island Communities
Cultural group
Technique (location)
Primary catch
Proposed origin in Polynesian methods
Micronesian
laia (Palau); laulima (Guam)
reef fish
no
Polynesian
hukilau (Hawaii)
deep-water fish
yes
Melanesian
bilum (Papua New Guinea)
shallow-water fish
no
Fijian
qoli vatu (Fiji)
schooling fish
yes
In Hawaiian fishing practices, net-fishing techniques show similarities to equivalent methods found in ancient Polynesian traditions. This resemblance likely stems from maritime contact: such techniques may have entered Hawaii through the migrations of Polynesian seafarers across the Pacific after 800 CE. That fishing methods spread with human migrations is a well-documented phenomenon across oceanic cultures. Techniques can also develop independently: net fishing became common throughout Pacific islands, yet ______________
Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the statement?
Question 9 of 10
Anthropologists studying early human migrations in Southeast Asia initially assumed a straightforward population pattern. This view emerged because genetic evidence from modern populations showed predominantly southern origins, suggesting a single major migration route through coastal regions during the last ice age. A study led by Martin Richards examined additional data—newly discovered archaeological remains and linguistic patterns across isolated highland communities—that revealed unexpected genetic markers typically associated with northern populations. Since a migration pattern consisting of only southern coastal routes would be unlikely to produce such widespread northern genetic signatures, Richards concluded that ______________
Which choice most logically completes the text?
Question 10 of 10
Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s 1915 novel Herland , which envisions an isolated society composed entirely of women who reproduce through parthenogenesis, is considered a pioneering work of feminist utopian fiction. Scholars should be cautious about reading the novel through current gender theory, however: concepts and frameworks about gender that are commonplace now would have been inconceivable to Gilman and her Progressive Era audience, and vice versa. Scholars who overlook this historical context when interpreting Herland therefore ______________
Which choice most logically completes the text?
Current
Correct
Incorrect