Elizabeth Bishop’s portrayal of the reclusive protagonist in her 1946 poem “Chemin De Fer,” is not ______________: in fact, nearly all of the solitary figures that appear in her poems are depicted with deep understanding.

To develop a system for predicting coral bleaching events, oceanographer Ruth Gates relied on ______________; merging insights across disciplines, Gates used information from both molecular biology and climate science to calculate how reef ecosystems respond to temperature changes.

When I go away from you
The world beats dead
Like a slackened drum.
I call out for you against the jutted stars
And shout into the ridges of the wind.
Streets coming fast,
One after the other,
Wedge you away from me,
And the lamps of the city prick my eyes
So that I can no longer see your face.

Anthropologist Anne Salmond, a scholar of Māori culture, has identified a challenge inherent to studying traditional Pacific navigation techniques from the 1400s to 1600s: the primary sources from that period, ship logs and accounts by European sailors, consistently misinterpreted the sophisticated astronomical and oceanographic knowledge used by Polynesian wayfinders. Salmond argues that contemporary Polynesian navigation practices and evidence from archaeological sites across the Pacific complement the written records by revealing crucial details about these ancient methods.

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In 2018, archaeologist Sarah Parcak proposed that Viking settlements in Newfoundland extended beyond L’Anse aux Meadows. As evidence, Parcak cited satellite imagery showing rectangular depressions similar to known Norse building foundations, along with ground-penetrating radar data revealing possible cultural features beneath the soil.

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Although these rectangular features resemble Norse structures, the indigenous peoples of Newfoundland created similar dwelling patterns. Furthermore, as archaeologist Patricia Sutherland notes, the absence of distinctive Norse artifacts in test excavations is significant. Given the prevalence of Norse items at confirmed Viking sites and their complete absence in Parcak’s proposed locations, Sutherland suggests these features more likely represent indigenous settlements.

Researchers studying early dinosaur evolution have extensively documented Triassic fossils from the Ghost Ranch formation in New Mexico, including several well-preserved specimens of Coelophysis. However, to understand the earliest emergence of archosaurs, the group that gave rise to dinosaurs, researchers must examine older sites, such as the Karoo Basin formation in South Africa. A major paleontological treasure, this 400,000-square-kilometer region preserves countless fossils that illuminate a crucial transition in vertebrate evolution.

To illuminate her scientific illustrations, naturalist Maria Sibylla Merian used pigments from insects and plants gathered during her expeditions in Surinam. For example, she achieved the iridescent purples and crimsons featured in her 1705 work Metamorphosis insectorum Surinamensium by using cochineal beetles, drying and grinding them before mixing the powder with gum arabic to create watercolor paint. To deepen the intensity of certain shades, Merian also sometimes incorporated local plant resins collected from rainforest trees.

In 2018, a series of 85-million-year-old theropod dinosaur footprints displaying unusual parallel trackways was discovered in a Mongolian geological formation. While most paleontologists interpret parallel dinosaur tracks as evidence of solitary movement, one researcher suggests these impressions indicate coordinated group behavior. The trackways show consistent spacing between individuals and maintain uniform depth throughout the sequence; according to the researcher, this pattern suggests multiple animals moving together as a social unit rather than individuals passing through the area at different times.

An engineer investigated the effect of additional reflectors on solar panel output, by testing identical solar panels in two setups, one with surrounding reflectors and one without, and tracked their average energy production over 30 days. She concluded that the increase in energy output in the setup with reflectors by day 30 was entirely attributable to the presence of the reflectors.

Sea turtles navigate using Earth’s magnetic field signatures from birth. Over generations, distinct preferences develop that create unique migration patterns among geographically separate populations of the same species. A study investigated whether newly hatched loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) hatchlings respond differently to magnetic signatures from local versus distant nesting beaches: the more swimming activity displayed, the stronger their orientation preference. The researchers found that hatchlings showed more directed swimming behavior toward magnetic signatures matching their natal beach than toward signatures from remote beaches. Since magnetic navigation influences adult nesting site selection, the finding suggests that ______________