AP US History Unit 7 Terms Quiz Period 7: 1890–1945
From Progressive Era reforms to two world wars, the years 1890–1945 transformed American society. Our free APUSH Terms Quiz focuses on key vocabulary, including imperialism, the Great Migration, the Great Depression, and the New Deal. Review the people, events, and historical concepts that shaped America’s rise as a global power.
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Question 1 of 50
In 1898, after the battleship Maine exploded in Havana harbor and newspapers blamed Spain, the United States went to war in support of Cuban independence, won in ten weeks, and emerged with Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. This conflict was the
Question 2 of 50
In the 1890s, rival New York publishers William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer competed for readers with sensational, exaggerated, and sometimes invented stories about Spanish atrocities in Cuba, whipping up public demand for war. This style of reporting is called
Question 3 of 50
In 1901, Congress required Cuba to write into its new constitution provisions that barred it from making treaties with other powers, allowed the United States to intervene to preserve order, and leased Guantanamo Bay as a naval base, making the island a protectorate. This measure was the
Question 4 of 50
In 1899 and 1900, Secretary of State John Hay sent notes to the European powers and Japan asking them to respect equal trading rights for all nations in China and to preserve China’s territorial integrity, rather than carving it into exclusive colonies. This policy was the
Question 5 of 50
In 1904, Theodore Roosevelt announced that because European powers might intervene in Latin American nations that defaulted on their debts, the United States would exercise “international police power” in the hemisphere and intervene itself to keep order. This policy was the
Question 6 of 50
In the early 1900s, journalists writing for mass-circulation magazines such as McClure’s exposed corruption in city government, abuses by the trusts, unsafe food, and child labor, creating public pressure for reform. Theodore Roosevelt gave them a name borrowed from Pilgrim’s Progress. These writers were the
Question 7 of 50
A socialist writer published a 1906 novel about immigrant workers in the Chicago meatpacking plants, intending to expose the exploitation of labor, but readers fixated instead on its descriptions of diseased meat and rat-infested sausage, and Congress passed food safety laws within months. This writer was
Question 8 of 50
Theodore Roosevelt described his domestic program as a promise of fairness for workers, consumers, and businesses alike, and he backed it by intervening in the 1902 coal strike on the miners’ side, prosecuting the Northern Securities railroad trust, and signing meat inspection and food safety laws. This program was called the
Question 9 of 50
Progressive reformers in western states adopted devices that let voters propose laws by petition, vote directly on measures placed on the ballot, and remove officials from office before their terms ended, bypassing legislatures they considered controlled by corporations. These reforms were the
Question 10 of 50
After decades of state campaigns, parades, and the militant tactics of Alice Paul’s picketing of the White House, and with women’s wartime service as an argument, the Constitution was amended in 1920 to bar denying the vote on account of sex. This amendment was the
Question 11 of 50
A Harvard-trained scholar rejected Booker T. Washington’s accommodation, demanded immediate civil and political rights and higher education for the “talented tenth,” and in 1909 helped found an interracial organization that fought segregation through lawsuits and publicity. This leader was
Question 12 of 50
In 1913, Congress created a system of twelve regional banks under a central board that could issue a flexible currency, set interest rates, and act as a lender of last resort, giving the nation its first central banking authority since Jackson killed the Second Bank. This law was the
Question 13 of 50
Decades of temperance agitation by the WCTU and the Anti-Saloon League, strengthened by wartime hostility to German brewers and the need to conserve grain, produced a constitutional amendment in 1919 banning the manufacture, sale, and transport of alcohol. This amendment established
Question 14 of 50
In 1912, after losing the Republican nomination to President Taft, Theodore Roosevelt formed a third party on a platform of New Nationalism that called for federal regulation of corporations, women’s suffrage, and social insurance, splitting the Republican vote and electing Woodrow Wilson. This party was the
Question 15 of 50
In May 1915, a German submarine sank a British passenger liner off Ireland, killing nearly 1,200 people including 128 Americans, and the outcry forced Germany to promise to restrict submarine warfare, a pledge it abandoned two years later. This ship was the
Question 16 of 50
In January 1917, British intelligence intercepted a secret message in which Germany’s foreign secretary proposed that Mexico join the war against the United States and be rewarded with Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. Its publication in American newspapers outraged the public. This message was the
Question 17 of 50
In January 1918, Wilson laid out American war aims in a speech calling for open diplomacy, freedom of the seas, free trade, arms reduction, self-determination for the peoples of Europe’s empires, and an international organization to keep the peace. This program was the
Question 18 of 50
Wilson’s proposed international organization, in which member nations would guarantee one another’s independence and territorial integrity and settle disputes by arbitration, was written into the peace treaty, but the Senate refused to ratify it and the United States never joined. This organization was the
Question 19 of 50
The 1919 treaty ending World War I forced Germany to accept blame for the war, pay huge reparations, give up territory and colonies, and disarm, while redrawing the map of Europe and creating the League of Nations. Many Americans and Germans considered it unjust. This treaty was the
Question 20 of 50
In 1917 and 1918, Congress made it a crime to obstruct the draft or to speak disloyally about the government, the Constitution, or the military, and the Supreme Court upheld the laws in Schenck v. United States, ruling that speech could be punished when it posed a “clear and present danger.” These laws were the
Question 21 of 50
In 1919 and 1920, after the Russian Revolution, a wave of strikes, and a series of mail bombs, Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer ordered raids that arrested thousands of suspected radicals, many without warrants, and deported several hundred foreign-born anarchists and communists. This episode was the
Question 22 of 50
Between about 1916 and 1930, more than a million Black southerners moved to northern and midwestern cities such as Chicago, Detroit, and New York, drawn by wartime factory jobs and pushed by Jim Crow, lynching, and the boll weevil’s destruction of cotton. This movement was the
Question 23 of 50
In the 1920s, Black writers, musicians, and artists in a New York neighborhood, including Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, and Duke Ellington, produced a flowering of literature, jazz, and art that celebrated Black identity and demanded respect for Black culture. This movement was the
Question 24 of 50
In 1925, a Tennessee teacher was tried for violating a state law against teaching evolution, with William Jennings Bryan prosecuting and Clarence Darrow defending, in a case that drew national attention to the conflict between religious fundamentalism and modern science. This trial was the
Question 25 of 50
In 1924, Congress limited immigration to about 150,000 a year and set quotas for each nationality at 2 percent of the number of that group living in the United States in 1890, sharply cutting arrivals from southern and eastern Europe and barring Asians entirely. This law was the
Question 26 of 50
A Jamaican immigrant built the largest mass movement of Black Americans in the 1920s, preaching racial pride and economic independence, founding the Black Star shipping line, and urging a return to Africa, before he was convicted of mail fraud and deported. This leader was
Question 27 of 50
In 1913, a Detroit automaker installed a moving line on which each worker performed one task as the car passed, cutting the time to build a Model T from twelve hours to ninety minutes and letting him cut prices and pay workers five dollars a day. This manufacturer was
Question 28 of 50
On October 29, 1929, panicked selling on the New York Stock Exchange wiped out billions of dollars in a single day after a decade of speculation fueled by buying stocks on margin, and the collapse of confidence that followed helped trigger the worst depression in American history. This day was
Question 29 of 50
In the 1930s, years of drought combined with decades of plowing up the grasslands of the southern Plains produced enormous dust storms that buried farms in Oklahoma, Kansas, and Texas, driving hundreds of thousands of families west to California in search of work. This environmental disaster was the
Question 30 of 50
As the Depression deepened under President Hoover, homeless families built shacks of scrap wood and tin on the edges of cities, and the shantytowns were given a mocking name that blamed the president for their misery. These settlements were called
Question 31 of 50
In the summer of 1932, some 20,000 unemployed World War I veterans and their families camped in Washington to demand early payment of a bonus Congress had promised them for 1945, and after the Senate refused, Hoover sent the army under Douglas MacArthur to burn their camp. This group was the
Question 32 of 50
Franklin Roosevelt’s program of relief for the unemployed, recovery for the economy, and reform of banking, labor, and business, launched in a burst of legislation during his first hundred days in 1933, expanded the federal government’s role in American life permanently. This program was the
Question 33 of 50
Created in 1933, a New Deal agency put some three million unemployed young men to work planting trees, building trails and dams, and fighting fires in national forests and parks, paying them $30 a month, most of which was sent home to their families. This agency was the
Question 34 of 50
In 1935, Congress created a system of old-age pensions funded by payroll taxes on workers and employers, along with unemployment insurance and aid to dependent children and the disabled, establishing the principle that the federal government was responsible for citizens’ economic security. This law was the
Question 35 of 50
In 1935, Congress guaranteed workers the right to organize unions and bargain collectively, outlawed employer tactics such as firing union members and company unions, and created a board to supervise union elections, setting off a wave of organizing that unionized the auto and steel industries. This law was the
Question 36 of 50
In 1933, Congress created a federal corporation to build dams on a river system across seven southern states, controlling floods, generating cheap electricity, and promoting economic development in one of the poorest regions of the country, over the objections of private utilities. This agency was the
Question 37 of 50
In 1937, after the Supreme Court struck down the NRA, the AAA, and other New Deal laws, Roosevelt proposed adding up to six new justices, one for each sitting justice over seventy, a plan Congress rejected as an attack on judicial independence. This proposal was the
Question 38 of 50
In 1930, Congress raised tariffs on thousands of imported goods to the highest levels in American history, intending to protect farmers and manufacturers, but other nations retaliated and world trade collapsed by two-thirds, deepening the Depression. This law was the
Question 39 of 50
A flamboyant Louisiana senator attacked the New Deal from the left with a “Share Our Wealth” program promising to confiscate large fortunes and guarantee every family a home and an income, building a national following before he was assassinated in 1935. This politician was
Question 40 of 50
Between 1935 and 1937, as Italy invaded Ethiopia and civil war broke out in Spain, Congress passed laws banning arms sales and loans to nations at war and barring Americans from traveling on belligerent ships, reflecting the conviction that bankers and arms makers had dragged the country into World War I. These laws were the
Question 41 of 50
In March 1941, with Britain nearly bankrupt and standing alone against Germany, Congress authorized the president to lend or lease weapons, ships, and supplies to any nation whose defense he judged vital to American security, which Roosevelt compared to lending a neighbor a garden hose to fight a fire. This law was the
Question 42 of 50
On December 7, 1941, Japanese carrier aircraft attacked the main American naval base in Hawaii, sinking or damaging eight battleships and killing about 2,400 Americans, and Congress declared war the next day with a single dissenting vote. This attack was on
Question 43 of 50
In 1942, Roosevelt’s Executive Order 9066 authorized the removal of some 110,000 people of Japanese ancestry, two-thirds of them American citizens, from the West Coast to guarded camps in the interior, and in 1944 the Supreme Court upheld the removal as a wartime necessity. This policy was
Question 44 of 50
Fearing that Germany was building an atomic bomb, Roosevelt approved a secret program in 1942 that brought together scientists including J. Robert Oppenheimer and Enrico Fermi at Los Alamos and other sites, employed 130,000 people, and tested the first nuclear weapon in July 1945. This program was the
Question 45 of 50
On June 6, 1944, some 156,000 American, British, and Canadian troops landed on five beaches in Normandy under Dwight Eisenhower’s command, in the largest amphibious invasion in history, opening the long-awaited second front against Germany in western Europe. This operation was
Question 46 of 50
During the war, some six million women took jobs in shipyards, aircraft plants, and munitions factories, filling positions left by men in uniform, and the government promoted their work with a poster image of a confident worker in overalls and a bandanna. This image was
Question 47 of 50
In 1942, the Pittsburgh Courier, a leading Black newspaper, launched a campaign calling for victory over fascism abroad and victory over racism at home, arguing that Black Americans could not be asked to fight for freedoms they were denied. This campaign was the
Question 48 of 50
In February 1945, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met in the Crimea to plan the postwar world, agreeing to divide Germany into occupation zones, to hold free elections in Eastern Europe, and to create the United Nations, while Stalin promised to enter the war against Japan. This meeting was the
Question 49 of 50
On August 6, 1945, an American bomber dropped the first atomic weapon used in war on a Japanese city, killing some 80,000 people instantly, and three days later a second bomb destroyed Nagasaki, after which Japan surrendered. The first city was
Question 50 of 50
In 1944, Congress provided returning veterans with money for college tuition, low-interest loans to buy homes and start businesses, and unemployment pay, sending millions to college and financing the postwar suburban boom. This law was the
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