AP US History Unit 3 Terms Quiz Period 3: 1754–1800
From the French and Indian War to the Constitution, APUSH Period 3 covers the American Revolution and the founding of the US. Our Unit 3 Terms Quiz reviews vocabulary related to the Stamp Act, Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, and federalism. Test your knowledge of important events, historical figures, and political ideas from 1754–1800.
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Question 1 of 50
Between 1754 and 1763, Britain and France fought for control of the Ohio River valley and eastern North America, each backed by American Indian allies. Britain won, gaining Canada and all French territory east of the Mississippi, but emerged with an enormous war debt. This conflict was the
Question 2 of 50
In 1754, Benjamin Franklin proposed that the colonies form a unified council to coordinate defense and manage relations with American Indians, illustrating the idea with his “Join, or Die” cartoon. Delegates approved it, but every colonial legislature rejected it. This proposal was the
Question 3 of 50
In 1763, an Ottawa leader organized a coalition of Great Lakes and Ohio valley tribes that attacked British forts and settlements across the frontier, angered by British refusal to continue the gift-giving and trade practices the French had used. This uprising was
Question 4 of 50
Immediately after the French and Indian War, the British government forbade colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains, reserving that land for American Indians in an effort to prevent further frontier conflict. This policy was the
Question 5 of 50
For much of the early 18th century, Britain allowed its American colonies to run their own affairs and loosely enforced trade regulations, so long as the colonies remained profitable. This practice is known as
Question 6 of 50
In 1765, Parliament required colonists to purchase special stamped paper for newspapers, legal documents, licenses, and playing cards. It was the first direct tax Parliament had ever placed on the colonies, and it provoked boycotts, riots, and an intercolonial congress. This law was the
Question 7 of 50
Groups of colonial artisans, shopkeepers, and laborers organized in the 1760s to resist British taxes through boycotts, street protests, and intimidation of tax collectors, including tarring and feathering. These groups were the
Question 8 of 50
When colonists protested that Parliament could not tax them because they elected no members to it, British officials replied that every member of Parliament represented the interests of all British subjects everywhere, whether or not those subjects voted. The British argument was called
Question 9 of 50
In 1767, Parliament placed import duties on glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea entering the colonies, using the revenue to pay royal governors and judges so they would no longer depend on colonial assemblies for their salaries. These laws were the
Question 10 of 50
In March 1770, a confrontation between a crowd of Boston colonists and British soldiers ended with the soldiers firing into the crowd and killing five people. Patriots publicized the event with an engraving by Paul Revere depicting it as an unprovoked slaughter. This event was the
Question 11 of 50
Beginning in 1772, Patriot leaders in Massachusetts and then other colonies created networks of local groups that exchanged letters about British actions, coordinated responses, and spread news of resistance from town to town. These networks were the
Question 12 of 50
In December 1773, colonists disguised as Mohawks boarded three ships in Boston Harbor and dumped 342 chests of tea into the water, protesting a law that gave the East India Company a monopoly on tea sales while keeping the Townshend duty on tea in place. This event was the
Question 13 of 50
In 1774, Parliament punished Massachusetts for the destruction of the tea by closing the port of Boston, placing the colony under military rule, and allowing royal officials accused of crimes to be tried in England. Rather than isolating Massachusetts, the laws united the other colonies in its support. These laws were the
Question 14 of 50
In September 1774, delegates from twelve colonies met in Philadelphia, agreed to a complete boycott of British goods, and petitioned the king for repeal of the Intolerable Acts while affirming their loyalty to the Crown. This meeting was the
Question 15 of 50
In April 1775, British troops marched out of Boston to seize colonial weapons stored in a nearby town and arrest Patriot leaders. Colonial militia confronted them, shots were exchanged, and the British retreated under fire in the first battle of the Revolutionary War. This event was
Question 16 of 50
“Everything that is right or natural pleads for separation. The blood of the slain, the weeping voice of nature cries, ‘TIS TIME TO PART.” This 1776 pamphlet, written in plain language for ordinary readers, attacked monarchy itself and sold over 100,000 copies within months. The pamphlet was
Question 17 of 50
In July 1776, the Continental Congress adopted a document that announced the colonies’ separation from Britain, listed the king’s abuses, and declared that governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed and exist to protect people’s natural rights. This document was the
Question 18 of 50
An English philosopher argued that people are born with rights to life, liberty, and property, that governments are created by agreement among the people to protect those rights, and that a government which violates them may legitimately be overthrown. Jefferson built the Declaration of Independence on these ideas, which are known as
Question 19 of 50
During the Revolution, roughly one in five colonists remained loyal to the British Crown, including many royal officials, Anglican clergy, wealthy merchants, and recent immigrants. Tens of thousands fled to Canada or Britain after the war. These colonists were the
Question 20 of 50
In October 1777, a British army invading from Canada was surrounded and forced to surrender to American forces in upstate New York. The victory convinced France to enter the war as an American ally, providing money, troops, and a navy. This battle was
Question 21 of 50
In October 1781, a British army commanded by Lord Cornwallis was trapped on a Virginia peninsula by George Washington’s Continental Army and French troops on land while a French fleet blocked escape by sea, forcing its surrender in the last major battle of the Revolution. This battle was
Question 22 of 50
In 1783, Britain formally recognized the independence of the United States and granted it all territory east of the Mississippi River, south of Canada, and north of Florida. This agreement was the
Question 23 of 50
After the Revolution, writers argued that women had an essential civic role: raising sons to be virtuous citizens and instilling republican values in the next generation. This idea justified expanding education for women even as it kept them out of politics. The idea is called
Question 24 of 50
Beginning in 1791, enslaved people in the French Caribbean colony of Saint-Domingue rose up, inspired by the ideals of the American and French Revolutions, defeated French, British, and Spanish forces, and in 1804 established the first nation founded by former slaves. The uprising alarmed American slaveholders for decades. This event was the
Question 25 of 50
The first national government of the United States consisted of a single-house Congress in which each state had one vote, with no president, no national courts, and no power to tax or regulate trade. Amendments required the agreement of all thirteen states. This framework was the
Question 26 of 50
In 1785, Congress established a system for surveying and selling western lands, dividing the territory into six-mile-square townships subdivided into 36 sections, with one section in each township reserved to support public schools. This law was the
Question 27 of 50
In 1787, Congress passed a law establishing how the territory north of the Ohio River would be governed, setting a process by which it could be divided into new states admitted on an equal footing with the original thirteen, and banning slavery throughout the region. This law was the
Question 28 of 50
In 1786 and 1787, indebted farmers in western Massachusetts, many of them Revolutionary War veterans facing foreclosure, took up arms, shut down county courts, and marched on a federal arsenal before being dispersed by a privately funded state militia. The national government’s inability to respond spurred calls for a stronger constitution. This uprising was
Question 29 of 50
In the summer of 1787, 55 delegates from twelve states met in Philadelphia, ostensibly to revise the Articles of Confederation, and instead wrote an entirely new framework of government with a strong executive, a national judiciary, and a Congress empowered to tax and regulate commerce. This meeting was the
Question 30 of 50
At the Constitutional Convention, large states wanted representation in Congress based on population while small states demanded equal representation for every state. The dispute was resolved by creating a two-house legislature with one chamber apportioned by population and the other giving each state two seats. This agreement was the
Question 31 of 50
Southern delegates at the Constitutional Convention wanted enslaved people counted in full when apportioning seats in the House of Representatives, while Northern delegates argued they should not be counted at all. The resulting agreement counted each enslaved person as a fraction of a person, inflating Southern representation for decades. This agreement was the
Question 32 of 50
The Constitution created a system in which power is divided between a national government and the state governments, with each level having its own authority over certain matters. This arrangement is called
Question 33 of 50
The Constitution divides the national government into legislative, executive, and judicial branches and gives each the ability to limit the others, so that Congress can override a veto, the president can veto legislation, and the Senate must confirm judges. This design is known as
Question 34 of 50
During the ratification debates of 1787–1788, one group supported the new Constitution and a strong national government, while the other feared it would create a distant, powerful government that threatened state authority and individual liberty. These two groups were the
Question 35 of 50
“If men were angels, no government would be necessary.” This line comes from a series of 85 essays published in New York newspapers in 1787 and 1788 under the pen name “Publius” to persuade voters to ratify the Constitution. This series was
Question 36 of 50
In 1791, the first ten amendments to the Constitution were ratified, fulfilling a promise Federalists had made to win over Anti-Federalists during ratification. They guarantee freedoms of speech, press, religion, and assembly, protect the accused, and reserve to the states and the people all powers not delegated to the national government. These amendments are the
Question 37 of 50
As the first Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton proposed that the national government pay the Revolutionary War debts of the states, charter a national bank, and impose tariffs and excise taxes to raise revenue and encourage manufacturing. Together these proposals are known as
Question 38 of 50
Thomas Jefferson argued that the national bank was unconstitutional because the Constitution nowhere gave Congress the power to charter one, while Alexander Hamilton replied that the “necessary and proper” clause allowed Congress any means reasonably related to its listed powers. These two ways of reading the Constitution are called
Question 39 of 50
In 1794, farmers in western Pennsylvania who distilled their grain into whiskey refused to pay a federal excise tax, attacked tax collectors, and threatened to march on Pittsburgh. President Washington personally led a 13,000-man militia force to suppress them, demonstrating the new government’s power to enforce its laws. This episode was
Question 40 of 50
When war broke out between Britain and revolutionary France in 1793, President Washington announced that the United States would take no side, despite the 1778 treaty of alliance with France and strong pro-French sentiment among many Americans. This announcement was the
Question 41 of 50
In 1794, the United States signed an agreement with Britain in which Britain promised to withdraw its troops from forts in the Northwest Territory but refused to stop seizing American ships or to compensate slaveholders for enslaved people carried off during the Revolution. The agreement was deeply unpopular. This agreement was
Question 42 of 50
In 1795, Spain agreed to grant the United States free navigation of the Mississippi River, the right to deposit goods at New Orleans for shipment overseas, and a boundary with Spanish Florida at the 31st parallel, giving western farmers the river access they needed to reach markets. This agreement was
Question 43 of 50
In 1794, a federal army under General Anthony Wayne defeated a confederation of Shawnee, Miami, and other tribes in the Ohio country, and the following year the tribes signed a treaty ceding most of present-day Ohio to the United States. The battle and the treaty were
Question 44 of 50
As he left office in 1796, President Washington published a letter to the nation warning Americans against the “baneful effects of the spirit of party,” urging national unity over sectional loyalty, and advising the country to steer clear of permanent alliances with foreign nations. This letter was
Question 45 of 50
In 1797, three American diplomats sent to France to negotiate an end to French attacks on American shipping were told by agents of the French foreign minister that talks could begin only after the United States paid a bribe and made a large loan. Americans were outraged, and an undeclared naval war with France followed. This episode was the
Question 46 of 50
In 1798, the Federalist-controlled Congress passed laws that lengthened the residency requirement for citizenship, allowed the president to deport foreigners he deemed dangerous, and made it a crime to publish “false, scandalous and malicious” criticism of the government. Several Democratic-Republican editors were jailed under them. These laws were the
Question 47 of 50
In response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, two state legislatures adopted statements, secretly written by Jefferson and Madison, declaring that the Constitution was a compact among the states and that a state could judge a federal law unconstitutional and refuse to enforce it. These statements were the
Question 48 of 50
By the mid-1790s, two organized political parties had formed: one, led by Hamilton, favoring a strong national government, commercial development, and closer ties to Britain; the other, led by Jefferson and Madison, favoring states’ rights, an agrarian economy, and sympathy for France. These two parties were the
Question 49 of 50
In 1800, Thomas Jefferson defeated the incumbent John Adams in a bitterly contested presidential election, and power passed from the Federalists to the Democratic-Republicans without violence, the first peaceful transfer of power between opposing parties in the nation’s history. This event is often called the
Question 50 of 50
Beginning in 1769, Spain established a chain of religious settlements along the California coast, where Franciscan priests converted American Indians to Christianity and used their labor to farm and build, often under coercion, while disease devastated the Native population. These settlements were the
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