AP US History Unit 4 Terms Quiz Period 4: 1800–1848
The first half of the 1800s brought territorial expansion, political change, and major reform movements. Our free APUSH Period 4 Terms Quiz focuses on key vocabulary from 1800–1848. Review concepts related to the Louisiana Purchase, the War of 1812, the Market Revolution, and Jacksonian democracy. Explore the people, events, and ideas that shaped this era.
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Question 1 of 50
In 1803, the Supreme Court ruled that a section of the Judiciary Act of 1789 conflicted with the Constitution and was therefore void, establishing for the first time that the Court could strike down acts of Congress. This case was
Question 2 of 50
The principle that courts may declare laws and executive actions unconstitutional and therefore void, which the Supreme Court claimed for itself in 1803 and has exercised ever since, is called
Question 3 of 50
For 34 years, from 1801 to 1835, a Federalist chief justice led the Supreme Court through a series of decisions that strengthened the national government over the states, protected contracts and property, and established the Court’s authority to interpret the Constitution. This chief justice was
Question 4 of 50
In 1803, President Jefferson bought a vast territory stretching from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains from France for $15 million, doubling the size of the United States, even though he doubted the Constitution gave him the power to do so. This acquisition was the
Question 5 of 50
In 1804, Jefferson sent two army officers with a small expedition up the Missouri River and across the Rockies to the Pacific, to map the new territory, catalog its plants and animals, and establish relations with its Native peoples. This expedition was led by
Question 6 of 50
In 1807, to punish Britain and France for interfering with American shipping without going to war, Jefferson persuaded Congress to ban all American exports to foreign ports. The measure devastated New England’s economy and was repealed after fifteen months. This measure was the
Question 7 of 50
Short of sailors for its war against Napoleon, the British navy stopped American merchant ships on the high seas and forced crewmen it claimed were British subjects into service, including many American citizens. This practice was called
Question 8 of 50
A group of young congressmen from the South and West, led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun, pushed for war with Britain in 1811 and 1812, demanding an end to impressment, an end to British support for Native resistance on the frontier, and the conquest of Canada. These congressmen were called the
Question 9 of 50
From 1812 to 1815, the United States fought Britain over impressment, trade restrictions, and British support for Native resistance. Washington was burned, but American victories on Lake Erie and at New Orleans produced a surge of national pride. This conflict was the
Question 10 of 50
In late 1814, New England Federalists opposed to the war met secretly to discuss their grievances and propose constitutional amendments limiting the power of the South and West, with some delegates talking of secession. News of the meeting arrived alongside news of peace and victory, destroying the party’s reputation. This meeting was the
Question 11 of 50
The treaty that ended the War of 1812, signed in Belgium in December 1814, restored the prewar boundaries and said nothing about impressment or neutral rights, the issues over which the war had been fought. This treaty was the
Question 12 of 50
A Shawnee leader traveled across the Midwest and South from 1808 to 1811 trying to unite Native nations into a single confederacy to resist American expansion, while his brother, a religious prophet, called for a return to traditional ways. He was killed fighting for the British in 1813. This leader was
Question 13 of 50
From 1817 to 1825, with the Federalist Party dead and only one national party remaining, the country enjoyed a period of apparent political harmony under President James Monroe, even as sectional tensions over slavery and the economy grew beneath the surface. This period is called the
Question 14 of 50
After the War of 1812, Henry Clay proposed a program of protective tariffs to support American manufacturing, a national bank to provide stable credit, and federally funded roads and canals to bind the regions together into a single national market. This program was the
Question 15 of 50
In 1816, Congress chartered a new national bank for twenty years to stabilize the currency and regulate state banks after the financial chaos of the war. It later became the target of Andrew Jackson’s fiercest political battle. This institution was the
Question 16 of 50
In 1819, the Supreme Court ruled that Maryland could not tax the national bank, because the Constitution’s “necessary and proper” clause gave Congress implied powers beyond those explicitly listed and because federal law is supreme over state law. This case was
Question 17 of 50
In 1824, the Supreme Court struck down a New York law granting a monopoly on steamboat traffic in New York waters, ruling that the Constitution gave Congress, not the states, the power to regulate interstate commerce. This case was
Question 18 of 50
In 1823, President Monroe declared that the Western Hemisphere was closed to further European colonization and that the United States would regard any European interference in the independent nations of the Americas as a hostile act, while promising to stay out of European affairs. This declaration was the
Question 19 of 50
In 1819, Spain ceded Florida to the United States and agreed to a boundary between American and Spanish territory running west to the Pacific, in exchange for the United States giving up its claims to Texas. This agreement was the
Question 20 of 50
In 1820, Congress resolved a bitter dispute over the admission of a new slave state by pairing it with the free state of Maine to preserve the balance in the Senate, and by banning slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Territory north of the 36°30′ line. This agreement was the
Question 21 of 50
In 1825, New York completed a 363-mile artificial waterway linking the Hudson River to Lake Erie, which cut shipping costs between the Midwest and the East Coast by over 90 percent, made New York City the nation’s leading port, and set off a canal-building boom. This waterway was the
Question 22 of 50
Between 1815 and 1848, canals, steamboats, railroads, and the telegraph linked distant regions, factories replaced household production, and farmers who had once grown food for their families began growing cash crops for sale, transforming the United States into a national commercial economy. This transformation is called the
Question 23 of 50
In 1793, Eli Whitney invented a machine that separated cotton fiber from its seeds fifty times faster than a worker could by hand, making short-staple cotton profitable to grow across the Deep South and vastly increasing the demand for enslaved labor. This machine was the
Question 24 of 50
Eli Whitney also promoted a system of manufacturing in which each component of a product, such as a musket, was made to a standard pattern so that any part could replace any other, allowing unskilled workers to assemble goods quickly and repairs to be made easily. This system is called
Question 25 of 50
In the 1820s, textile manufacturers in Massachusetts recruited young unmarried women from New England farms to work in their mills, housing them in supervised boardinghouses and offering wages, education, and a respectable environment, until wage cuts and immigrant labor changed the workforce. This arrangement was the
Question 26 of 50
In the election of 1824, Andrew Jackson won the most popular and electoral votes but not a majority, and the House of Representatives chose John Quincy Adams instead. When Adams then named Henry Clay, who had thrown the House his support, as Secretary of State, Jackson’s followers denounced the outcome as the
Question 27 of 50
By the 1820s, most states had dropped the requirement that voters own property, so that nearly all adult white men could vote, which tripled turnout in presidential elections and made politics a mass activity for the first time. This expansion of the franchise is called
Question 28 of 50
Jackson defended replacing federal officeholders with his own supporters by arguing that government jobs were simple enough for any citizen and that rotation in office prevented the growth of an entrenched bureaucracy. His critics called the practice the
Question 29 of 50
In 1830, Congress passed a law authorizing the president to exchange land west of the Mississippi for the territory of Native nations in the East and to move them there, a policy Jackson pursued against the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole. This law was the
Question 30 of 50
In 1838 and 1839, the U.S. Army forced some 16,000 Cherokee from their homes in Georgia and marched them to present-day Oklahoma in winter; roughly 4,000 died of cold, disease, and starvation along the way. This forced march is known as the
Question 31 of 50
In 1832, the Supreme Court ruled that Georgia’s laws had no force within Cherokee territory because the Cherokee were a distinct nation under federal protection, a decision that Jackson refused to enforce. This case was
Question 32 of 50
In 1832, South Carolina declared two federal tariffs null and void within its borders and threatened to secede if the government tried to collect them. Jackson responded with a threat of force, Congress passed a compromise tariff, and the state backed down. This confrontation was the
Question 33 of 50
In 1828, Congress passed a tariff with rates so high on imported manufactured goods and raw materials that Southerners, who bought manufactured goods and sold cotton abroad, denounced it as a tax on their region for the benefit of Northern factories. They called it the
Question 34 of 50
In 1832, Jackson vetoed a bill to recharter the Second Bank of the United States, calling it a monopoly that enriched the wealthy at the expense of ordinary citizens, and then withdrew federal deposits and placed them in state banks, killing the institution. This struggle was the
Question 35 of 50
Opponents of Jackson, including National Republicans, supporters of the American System, and those who considered Jackson a tyrant, united in 1834 to form a new party, naming it after the British party that had opposed the power of the king. This party was the
Question 36 of 50
In 1837, a wave of bank failures, business bankruptcies, and unemployment began a depression that lasted into the 1840s, caused by speculation in western land, the collapse of the national bank’s regulating role, and Jackson’s order that public land be paid for in gold or silver. This crisis was the
Question 37 of 50
The two-party competition between Jackson’s Democrats and their Whig opponents that dominated national politics from the 1830s to the early 1850s, marked by mass participation, party organization, and high voter turnout, is known as the
Question 38 of 50
Beginning around 1800 and peaking in the 1820s and 1830s, a wave of Protestant revivals swept the country, preaching that salvation was open to all who chose it and that converted Christians should work to perfect society, which inspired the era’s reform movements. This movement was the
Question 39 of 50
The most famous preacher of the revivals held dramatic meetings in the towns along the Erie Canal, an area so repeatedly swept by religious fervor that it was called the “burned-over district,” and taught that people could choose salvation and reform the world. This preacher was
Question 40 of 50
The largest reform movement of the era sought to reduce or eliminate the consumption of alcohol, which reformers blamed for poverty, domestic violence, and crime, through pledges, lectures, and eventually state prohibition laws. This movement was
Question 41 of 50
As secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education, a reformer campaigned for tax-supported public schools open to all children, longer school years, trained teachers, and a standard curriculum, arguing that education was essential to democracy. This reformer was
Question 42 of 50
A Massachusetts schoolteacher investigated the treatment of the mentally ill and found them chained in jails and almshouses; her reports to state legislatures led to the founding of dozens of humane asylums across the country. This reformer was
Question 43 of 50
In 1831, a Boston printer began publishing a newspaper demanding the immediate, uncompensated emancipation of all enslaved people, declaring “I will not retreat a single inch, and I will be heard.” He later founded the American Anti-Slavery Society. This abolitionist was
Question 44 of 50
A man who escaped slavery in Maryland in 1838 became the most famous Black abolitionist in the country, a powerful orator whose 1845 autobiography described slavery from the inside and whose newspaper, The North Star, argued for immediate emancipation. This abolitionist was
Question 45 of 50
In 1831, an enslaved preacher in Virginia led a revolt in which some 60 white people were killed before the militia crushed it; in response, Southern states tightened slave codes, restricted Black preachers and literacy, and ended all public debate about ending slavery. This revolt was
Question 46 of 50
In 1848, about 300 people gathered in a New York town for the first women’s rights convention in American history and adopted a Declaration of Sentiments, modeled on the Declaration of Independence, that proclaimed “all men and women are created equal” and demanded the vote. This gathering was the
Question 47 of 50
As the Market Revolution moved men’s work out of the home, middle-class culture came to define the home as a woman’s proper sphere and to celebrate piety, purity, submissiveness, and domesticity as the ideal female virtues. This set of ideas is called the
Question 48 of 50
A group of New England writers, including Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, argued that truth was found through individual intuition and communion with nature rather than through institutions or tradition, and celebrated self-reliance and nonconformity. This movement was
Question 49 of 50
A group of American painters led by Thomas Cole produced dramatic landscapes of the Catskills, the Hudson Valley, and the western wilderness, celebrating the grandeur of American nature as a source of national identity distinct from Europe. This group was the
Question 50 of 50
After Congress banned the importation of enslaved people in 1808, the expansion of cotton planting into the Deep South was supplied by the forced movement of roughly one million enslaved people from the Upper South to the cotton states, breaking apart families and communities. This commerce was the
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