The Oulipo movement was a French literary movement that aimed to explore how arbitrary constraints in writing could influence creativity. One of the most famous members of the group was Georges Perec, who decided to write a 300 page novel without the letter e. ________ he was able to epitomize the Oulipo movement to create a literary masterpiece, developing a mystery novel about a missing character with a larger commentary about missing aspects from his own life.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

The rise of app-based platforms has transformed employment, giving rise to the gig economy, where workers accept short-term “gigs” rather than holding traditional full-time positions. While these arrangements __________ workers greater scheduling flexibility and autonomy, they typically exclude standard employment benefits such as health insurance, paid leave, and legal protections like minimum wage guarantees.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

Cryptomnesia is a psychological phenomenon where people recall someone else’s memory as their own original thought.

Involves a two stage process of initial exposure then later false attribution once the memory has faded.

Common in music where musicians believe to make original songs are unconsciously copying with “subconscious plagiarism.”

Related to concepts such as déjà vu and false memories.

The student wants to define cryptomnesia with an example. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

During the 1900s, the Suez Canal served as an essential waterway for both political and economic __________ connected the Mediterranean to the Red Sea, which was crucial for global trade and oil shipments. Multiple countries fought for control with ultimately the US and Soviet Union emerging as dominant powers and allowing Egypt to remain in charge of the canal.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Sonoluminescence can be reproduced with simple equipment. The setup requires only water, a transducer capable of producing sound waves, and a method for generating gas bubbles. When tiny gas bubbles are created in the liquid and exposed to intense sound waves, they collapse and release a brief flash of light. Although many theories attempt to explain this effect, none have been confirmed because the phenomenon is extremely difficult to measure. The flashes occur within a picosecond and on a scale so small that no existing tool can capture the event in real time. Current explanations focus on possibilities such as radiation effects or the triggering of a partial nuclear fusion reaction, though these ideas remain uncertain and the true cause remains unresolved.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?

Natural selection favors organisms that survive challenging conditions, __________ species well-adapted to their environments. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria exemplify this process: while these bacteria thrive in the presence of antibiotics, their resistance often comes at a metabolic cost, making them less competitive in antibiotic-free environments.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In many industries, real-time pricing adjustments allow companies to respond instantly to fluctuations in consumer demand. Algorithmic pricing models monitor large streams of data (including time of day, location, and anticipated activity) to determine the most profitable price at any given moment. This system is widely used in sectors such as entertainment, rideshare services, and hospitality. For instance, a hotel may raise its nightly rate when a major event occurs nearby, while concert tickets may fall in price shortly before a show to ensure that remaining seats are sold. As shown in the rideshare data, pricing models can ____________________.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the text?

Commonly known to work when a patient is unaware of its presence, placebos also have been proven to work even when the patient is told they are being taken. Scientists explain this paradox with classical conditioning: our bodies, despite knowing the treatment is not true, understand that pills can influence ______ healing so a mere presence of a supposed cure is enough to lead to positive results.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Critics of Western art argue that Eastern art offers perspectives that Western traditions sometimes overlook. They point to movements such as Mono-ha as providing insights free from Western cultural influence. Mono-ha is an art movement that blends Eastern philosophy with contemporary artistic practice. Reflecting the Japanese concept of “ma,” or the significance of emptiness, the movement places natural materials like stone, wood, and water alongside industrial materials such as steel, glass, and concrete. These arrangements are intentionally simple to emphasize the relationships among the materials rather than an artist’s subjective interpretation. One of the most influential figures in the movement, Lee Ufan, deepened these ideas through his emphasis on Zen Buddhism and his belief that artworks should create a dialogue between objects, space, and the viewer.

Which finding, if true, would directly weaken the claim by critics about Mono-ha as an uniquely Eastern artform?

Despite its static form, sculpture allows artists to convey a moment with purposeful attention to motion and form. Artist Auguste Rodin is known for this skill as seen in his sculpture “The Thinker,” which displays a man deep in concentration, suggesting through a captured moment in _______ intellectual struggle can be as strenuous as physical labor.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?