Questions 1–4 refer to the following excerpt:

What was the primary purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas?

Based on the excerpt, which of the following regions would be under Spanish control according to the Treaty?

The Treaty of Tordesillas can best be understood in the context of which of the following broader historical developments?

How did the Treaty of Tordesillas impact indigenous populations in the divided territories?

Questions 5–8 refer to the following excerpt:

Based on the letter, how did John Smith describe the physical attributes of the Native Americans?

Which of the following benefits of colonizing Virginia did John Smith emphasize to Queen Anne?

How did John Smith perceive the religious beliefs of the Native Americans?

Based on John Smith’s letter, what was his primary recommendation to Queen Anne regarding Virginia?

Questions 9–12 refer to the following excerpt:

What fundamental principle about the origin of governmental power is emphasized in the excerpt?

Which Enlightenment philosopher’s ideas are most directly reflected in the excerpt?

The phrase “all men are created equal” in the excerpt can be seen as:

The principles outlined in the excerpt provided a foundation for which later American document?

Questions 13–16 refer to the following excerpt:

The Whiskey Rebellion was a significant event in the early Republic primarily because it:

The sentiment expressed in the excerpt supports the idea that:

Which figure from the early Republic would most likely have sympathized with the sentiments expressed in the excerpt?

The imposition of the whiskey tax was primarily intended to:

Questions 17–20 refer to the following excerpt:

Jackson’s era is often characterized by the increased political participation of:

The “removal of Native Americans” mentioned in the excerpt refers to:

Jackson’s “battle against the National Bank” was rooted in his belief that:

A significant criticism of Jackson’s presidency was:

Questions 21–24 refer to the following excerpt:

The Oregon Trail was significant in the 19th century because it:

The mention of varying reactions from Native tribes most directly refers to:

The “government’s promise of a better life” can be best understood in the context of:

The concerns expressed by the settler about “the cost” of westward expansion foreshadow:

Questions 25–28 refer to the following excerpt:

What was the primary objective of the Homestead Act of 1862?

What was required of settlers under the Homestead Act in order to gain ownership of the land?

How did the Homestead Act impact the demographics of the American West?

Which of the following groups was most directly affected by the westward expansion promoted by the Homestead Act?

Questions 29–32 refer to the following excerpt:

What was the primary objective of the Emancipation Proclamation?

How did the Emancipation Proclamation impact the Civil War?

Which of the following groups would most likely oppose the principles outlined in the Emancipation Proclamation?

The Emancipation Proclamation can be seen as a precursor to which of the following amendments to the U.S. Constitution?

Questions 33–36 refer to the following excerpt:

What was the primary objective of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?

How did the Chinese Exclusion Act reflect American societal attitudes of the late 19th century?

Which group was most directly affected by the Chinese Exclusion Act?

What broader theme does the Chinese Exclusion Act represent in American history?

Questions 37–40 refer to the following excerpt:

The description of Packingtown in The Jungle primarily serves to:

Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle is an example of:

Which of the following was a direct result of the public reaction to The Jungle?

The problems highlighted in The Jungle can be attributed to:

Questions 41–43 refer to the following excerpt:

In his Fourteen Points speech, President Wilson’s primary objective was to:

The Fourteen Points can be seen as a reflection of:

Which international organization, proposed by Wilson, aimed to address global conflicts and prevent future wars?

Questions 44–47 refer to the following excerpt:

The Scopes Trial is best understood as a conflict between:

The Butler Act, which John Scopes was accused of violating, prohibited:

Which of the following best describes the outcome of the Scopes Trial?

The Scopes Trial can be seen as a reflection of the:

Questions 48–51 refer to the following excerpt:

Dr. King’s letter was written in response to:

The concept of “nonviolent resistance” championed by Dr. King was influenced by:

Which legislative achievement is most directly associated with the efforts of the Civil Rights Movement during the 1960s?

The challenges faced by the Civil Rights Movement in the late 1960s included:

Questions 52–55 refer to the following excerpt:

President Reagan’s speech primarily addressed:

Reagan’s call to “tear down this wall” was symbolic of:

The “liberalization” mentioned in the excerpt refers to:

The backdrop for Reagan’s speech was: