In order for an animal mutation to affect a population’s genetic diversity, the mutation must take place:

During metaphase I of meiosis I, homologous pairs of chromosomes are situated along the metaphase plate. The orientation of each pair is random, resulting in a 50% chance that a particular daughter cell will get the maternal chromosome and a 50% that the daughter cell will get the parental chromosome. This is one aspect of sexual reproduction that contributes to genetic variation, and is called:

During prophase I of meiosis, a reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids producing chromosomes with new combinations of material and parental alleles. This is called:

Which of the following is not a difference between the cell cycle and meiosis?

Questions 5–6

Pea plants heterozygous for pod shape and pod color were allowed to self pollinate, and 400 resulting seeds were planted. How many offspring would be predicted to have constricted and yellow?

How many different gametes could be made from a pea plant heterozygous for flower color, flower position and stem length?

This gene is an example of:

Sexual reproduction produces variation within populations through which mechanism(s)?

Most heritable variation involves characteristics that vary along a continuum within a population. These characters are referred to as:

The ABO blood groups in humans are determined by the following alleles of a single gene: I^A, I^B, and i. The four blood types, A, B, AB and O are determined by which genes are inherited from the parents. This pattern of inheritance pattern is called:

Humans have a 2n number of 46. If one chromosome fails to split during anaphase of Meiosis II, which of the following gamete combinations will occur?

Identify the inheritance pattern shown in the pedigree.

What is the probability of getting an offspring with the genotype of AaBbCc by crossing parents with the genotypes of AaBBcc x AaBbCC?

Use the following data for questions 14 and 15

In an experiment to determine if two genes are linked, one for body color, Black is dominant over gray (B/b) and one for wing shape, normal is dominant over vestigial (V/v)— a dihybrid F1 fly (BbVv) is test-crossed with a homozygous recessive fly (bbvv).

The Null hypothesis for a chi square hypothesis test would be which of the following?

In an experiment to determine if two genes are linked, one for body color, Black is dominant over gray (B/b) and one for wing shape, normal is dominant over vestigial (V/v)— a dihybrid F1 fly (BbVv) is test-crossed with a homozygous recessive fly (bbvv)\(.\)

The reason the genes did not assort independently is because they are linked. Using the provided data, calculate the map distance between the gene for body color and the gene for wing type. Identify the correct distance from the choices below.

Some species of Daphnia (water fleas) are capable of developing spines at the ends of their bodies and helmet like structures on their heads when exposed to predators. If no exposure to predators occurs, these changes do not develop. This phenotypic difference is a direct result of:

In Darwin’s pea plants, purple flowers are dominant and white flower color is recessive. A purple flower is test crossed to determine its genotype. Identify the genotype of the purple flower in this testcross if 50% of the offspring are white and 50% of the offspring are purple.

Which of the following describes a key difference between incomplete dominance and codominance?

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a human genetic disorder caused by a single gene mutation. People that are homozygous for the trait cannot properly break down phenylalanine. If left untreated, this single gene defect leads to a wide range of symptoms, including intellectual disability, light skin pigmentation, microcephaly, skin rashes and more. This is an example of:

One of Mendel’s two laws is the law of independent assortment. Identify in which phase this process of independent assortment is observed.