Yeast and mammals share very similar cell communication molecules and pathways. What does this suggest about yeast and mammals?

Which of the following is an example of long-distance cell signaling?

What type of molecule is represented by A in the diagram?

The diagram below shows two yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) using cell communication for a biological process.

What is illustrated in Part I?

Identify the correct sequence of cell signaling.

Questions 6–8: Use the diagram below to identify the activity or object in the pathway.

Which letter represents the plasma membrane of the cell?

Which letter represents a signaling molecule coming from outside the cell?

Which letter represents the conversion of the signal to a form that brings about a cellular response?

The cell’s breakdown of sugar generates chemical energy in the form of ATP. When the cell makes more ATP than it can use, the excess ATP inhibits an enzyme near the beginning of the pathway and slows process of ATP production. What type of mechanism is described?

During which process do cells enter into programmed cell death, during which time DNA is chopped up, organelles are fragmented, the cell shrinks and parts of the cell are packaged into vesicle and removed by scavenger cells?

Which is the correct sequence of mitosis?

If a cell has 6 chromosomes in metaphase, how many chromatids would it have?

If a zygote went through a series of 4 cell divisions, how many cells would be in the embryo?

Questions 14–16

What phase of the cell cycle is represented by the diagram?

Swamp wallabies have 10 chromosomes during this phase of a duplicating somatic cell. How many chromosomes did the wallaby inherit from each parent?

The figure above is of a duplicating somatic cell. Based on this information, how many chromosomes will be in each of the wallaby’s offspring?

Which of the following are examples of cells communicating with other cells?

Which of the following is the primary role of a kinase molecule in a signal transduction pathway?

Which of the following best describes the typical chemical nature of a ligand that binds to an intracellular receptor?

Use the image below for questions 20 and 21. The image shows the result of a ligand (L) binding to a protein receptor (R).

What is the primary benefit of the response shown in the figure?

The image below shows the result of a ligand (L) binding to a protein receptor (R).

After the ligand bonded to the receptor, what happened that resulted in the signal transduction pathway?

Which of the following is the most direct function of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) that has been activated by cyclin?

A cell encounters significant DNA damage during the S phase. Which of the following is the most likely immediate outcome due to the action of cell cycle checkpoints?

Which of the following best exemplifies a positive feedback loop in an ecological system?

Epidermal growth factor is a protein that stimulates cell division when it binds to epidermal growth factor receptors. Mutations to the receptor can cause the receptor to be active even in the absence of epidermal growth factor. Which of the following could occur consequently?