AP Biology Unit 2 Vocabulary:Cells
Test your knowledge of cell structure and function with our free AP Biology Unit 2 vocabulary quiz. These 52 questions cover prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, organelles, plasma membranes, diffusion, osmosis, active transport, and water potential. Mastering these essential terms will strengthen your understanding of cellular processes and help with your AP Bio exam prep.
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Question 1 of 52
Which fundamental biological unifying concept states that all living organisms are composed of one or more cells, that the cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life, and that all cells arise from pre-existing cells?
Question 2 of 52
Which process refers to the maintenance of a relatively stable internal physiological environment despite changes in external conditions?
Question 3 of 52
Which term encompasses the totality of an organism’s chemical reactions, consisting of catabolic and anabolic pathways?
Question 4 of 52
Which metabolic pathway involves the degradation of complex molecules into simpler compounds, releasing stored energy?
Question 5 of 52
Which metabolic pathway consumes energy to construct complex macromolecules from simpler molecular building blocks?
Question 6 of 52
Which type of organism lacks a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-bound intracellular organelles?
Question 7 of 52
Which classification describes an organism whose cells contain a distinct, membrane-enclosed nucleus and internal compartmentalized organelles?
Question 8 of 52
What is the highest taxonomic rank of organisms in the three-domain system of biological classification?
Question 9 of 52
Which biological domain consists of unicellular prokaryotes with cell walls containing peptidoglycan and membrane lipids composed of unbranched fatty acids linked by ester bonds?
Question 10 of 52
Which domain contains single-celled prokaryotes often inhabiting extreme environments, possessing distinct membrane lipids with ether linkages and molecular machinery more similar to eukaryotes?
Question 11 of 52
Which domain encompasses all organisms whose cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus and organized intracellular organelles, including protists, fungi, plants, and animals?
Question 12 of 52
Which physical parameter limits maximum cell size because volume increases faster than boundary size, restricting exchange efficiency across the plasma membrane?
Question 13 of 52
Which small, membrane-enclosed sac functions as a transport carrier moving proteins and lipids between cellular compartments or to the cell exterior?
Question 14 of 52
Which interconnected group of intracellular membranes and organelles works together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins throughout eukaryotic cells?
Question 15 of 52
Which double-membrane structure encloses the eukaryotic nucleus and contains specialized pores regulating passage of RNA and proteins?
Question 16 of 52
Which extensive network of membranous tubules and sacs functions in protein folding and membrane lipid synthesis within eukaryotic cells?
Question 17 of 52
Which organelle consists of flattened membranous sacs (cisternae) that chemically modify, sort, and package proteins for final cellular destinations?
Question 18 of 52
Which membrane-bound organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes used to digest intracellular waste, macromolecules, and worn-out organelles?
Question 19 of 52
Which mechanical force results from water influx pressing the plant cell plasma membrane tightly against the rigid cell wall?
Question 20 of 52
Which large membrane-bound sac stores nutrients, water, and inorganic ions, providing structural support in plant cells?
Question 21 of 52
Which physical parameter represents the total three-dimensional internal space occupied by a cell, which increases much faster than surface area as cell dimensions expand?
Question 22 of 52
Which passive physical process describes the net movement of solute particles down their concentration gradient from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration?
Question 23 of 52
Which primary structural foundation of cellular membranes consists of two opposing sheets of amphipathic phospholipids arranged hydrophobic-tails-inward?
Question 24 of 52
Which functional class of membrane proteins facilitates the movement of specific hydrophilic ions or polar molecules across the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane?
Question 25 of 52
Which type of membrane protein binds to specific extracellular signaling ligands, triggering intracellular signal transduction without transporting the ligand across the membrane?
Question 26 of 52
Which general category of membrane proteins is permanently inserted into the phospholipid bilayer, with nonpolar region interactions penetrating into the hydrophobic core?
Question 27 of 52
Which specific type of integral protein spans completely across the lipid bilayer, exposing peptide domain sections to both extracellular fluid and cytosol?
Question 28 of 52
Which plasma membrane component consists of a carbohydrate covalently bonded to a lipid, functioning primarily in cell recognition and membrane stability?
Question 29 of 52
Which membrane conjugate consists of short carbohydrate chains covalently linked to membrane proteins, serving as molecular tags for cell-cell recognition?
Question 30 of 52
Which conceptual model describes the plasma membrane as a dynamic structure of phospholipids that move laterally, embedded with a mosaic of diverse proteins?
Question 31 of 52
Which property of biological membranes allows certain small or nonpolar substances to pass through freely while restricting larger or charged substances?
Question 32 of 52
Which term describes a region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases, representing potential energy that drives solute movement?
Question 33 of 52
Which cellular transport process moves substances across a biological membrane down their concentration gradient without metabolic energy expenditure?
Question 34 of 52
Which process describes the passive movement of specific polar or charged molecules across a membrane aided by specialized transmembrane proteins?
Question 35 of 52
Which type of transport protein provides a hydrophilic pore spanning the membrane, allowing specific ions or water molecules to flow rapidly through?
Question 36 of 52
Which transmembrane protein binds to a specific solute and undergoes a conformational shape change to translocate the solute across the lipid bilayer?
Question 37 of 52
Which specialized transmembrane channel protein significantly increases the rate of osmotic water movement across biological membranes?
Question 38 of 52
Which process requires ATP hydrolysis to move sodium ions against their electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane?
Question 39 of 52
A pancreatic cell synthesizes insulin and releases it into the extracellular space via vesicle fusion. Which cellular mechanism is being utilized?
Question 40 of 52
Macrophages internalize whole pathogenic bacteria into intracellular vacuoles for destruction. Which transport pathway executes this process?
Question 41 of 52
To calculate solute potential using Ψs = −iCRTC ?
Question 42 of 52
When aquaporins allow net movement of uncharged water molecules across a lipid membrane toward an area of higher solute concentration, which passive transport phenomenon is occurring?
Question 43 of 52
The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane due to differences in solute potential and pressure potential is referred to as
Question 44 of 52
Which property measures the ability of an extracellular solution to alter the volume of a cell by inducing water influx or efflux?
Question 45 of 52
What happens to a mammalian red blood cell placed into a hypertonic salt solution?
Question 46 of 52
An intravenous fluid administered to patients must be isotonic to human blood plasma. What condition characterizes an isotonic solution?
Question 47 of 52
How does adding sucrose to a sample of pure water affect its solute potential (Ψs
Question 48 of 52
Freshwater unicellular organisms like Paramecium use contractile vacuoles to pump out excess water entering from their environment. Which homeostatic process does this exemplify?
Question 49 of 52
Which term describes an extracellular environment that has a lower concentration of non-penetrating solutes compared to the cell cytoplasm, causing water to move into the cell?
Question 50 of 52
Which component of total water potential is proportional to the number of dissolved solute molecules and is always zero or negative?
Question 51 of 52
Which term describes an ecologically close, long-term interaction between two distinct biological organisms of different species?
Question 52 of 52
Which term describes a specialized biological relationship in which one organism lives internally within the cell or body of another host organism?
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