AP World History Unit 6 covers the period 1750–1900 and evaluates the consequences of industrialization. The main topics include state expansion, economic imperialism and the growth of the global economy, resistance to imperialism, and new migration patterns. Our Unit 6 multiple choice practice questions will help you get ready for the APWH exam.
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Question 1 |
Questions 1–5 refer to the maps below.
What factor best explains why the boundary lines in the two maps above are different?
Imperialism | |
Self-determination | |
Industrial Revolution | |
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade |
Question 1 Explanation:
The correct answer is (A). The discrepancy between ethnolinguistic and political boundaries in Africa is largely a result of imperialism. During the colonial era, European powers drew political borders with little regard for existing ethnic, linguistic, or cultural divisions among African peoples. These arbitrary boundaries, established for administrative convenience or through negotiations among colonial powers, often grouped diverse communities within a single political entity or split closely connected groups between different colonies. This legacy of imperialism has left enduring marks on the continent's political geography, contributing to various challenges faced by African states today.
Question 2 |
What ideology was used to justify imperialism?
Liberalism | |
Capitalism | |
Nationalism | |
Mercantilism |
Question 2 Explanation:
The correct answer is (D). While imperialism was justified through various ideologies, mercantilism played a significant role in driving colonial expansion. Mercantilism, with its emphasis on accumulating wealth for the colonial power through the exploitation of colonies, provided the economic rationale for imperialism. This system encouraged European nations to acquire territories that could supply raw materials and serve as markets for finished goods, thereby increasing the wealth and power of the imperial nation. Although nationalism and concepts like the civilizing mission also justified imperialism, mercantilism underpinned the economic motivations for establishing and maintaining colonies.
Question 3 |
A historian researching the creation of new states in Africa in the 19th and 20th centuries would most likely find the two maps as useful information for which of the following?
Opium War | |
Yaa Asantewaa War | |
Túpac Amaru II’s rebellion | |
The Ghost Dance Movement |
Question 3 Explanation:
The correct answer is (B). The Yaa Asantewaa War, or the War of the Golden Stool, is directly relevant to the study of African state formation and resistance against colonial rule. This conflict in modern-day Ghana against British colonial forces highlighted the impact of colonialism on African societies and the efforts of African leaders and communities to resist imperial control. The ethnolinguistic and political maps would provide valuable context for understanding the colonial boundaries imposed on Africa and the cultural and political landscapes that leaders like Yaa Asantewaa were navigating.
Question 4 |
How do the maps illustrate the impact of colonialism on African cultural and political landscapes?
They show the alignment of political boundaries with cultural and linguistic groups | |
They reveal the arbitrary nature of colonial boundaries, often disregarding ethnolinguistic divisions | |
They indicate a homogenization of cultures within the colonial boundaries | |
They suggest that colonialism had little impact on the internal organization of African states |
Question 4 Explanation:
The correct answer is (B). The maps highlight one of the most significant impacts of colonialism on Africa: the drawing of arbitrary political boundaries that did not correspond to the continent's complex mosaic of cultural and linguistic groups. This disregard for the existing social and cultural landscapes in the process of establishing colonial territories has had lasting effects on the political stability, social cohesion, and national identities of African states.
Question 5 |
What long-term effects might the discrepancies between ethnolinguistic and political boundaries have on African states?
Enhanced economic integration across the continent | |
Decreased significance of ethnic identities in politics | |
Increased cultural homogeneity within states | |
Potential for ethnic conflict and political instability |
Question 5 Explanation:
The correct answer is (D). The discrepancies between ethnolinguistic groups and political boundaries in Africa, a legacy of colonialism, have the potential to fuel ethnic conflicts and political instability. When states encompass diverse communities with little historical or cultural unity, or when closely related groups are divided by national borders, it can lead to tensions over identity, representation, and resource allocation. These challenges are compounded by the struggle to build inclusive national identities and governance structures that accommodate this diversity.
Question 6 |
Questions 6–9 refer to the passage below.
“…So Raziya lost her kingdom because she was not enough of a woman to make her people love a woman ruler; and she died, because she was a woman, and without protection. And her story is told here, for the reason that we know now that the old historian was wrong; and that a women need not fail even in the great work of a sovereign, only because she is a woman. Raziya failed because she thought that for success she must put aside her womanhood. Our Queen Victoria succeeded. And one of the things we know that she gave to her people was that same great heart of a woman and a mother, which poor Raziya believed that she must slay.”
—Cornelia Sorabji, Indian Tales of the Great One, 1916
—Cornelia Sorabji, Indian Tales of the Great One, 1916
Which portion of the text most indicates the influence of nationalism during the Indian independence movement?
"...and she died, because she was a woman, and without protection." | |
"And her story is told here, for the reason that we know now that the old historian was wrong..." | |
"Raziya failed because she thought that for success she must put aside her womanhood." | |
"Our Queen Victoria succeeded. And one of the things we know that she gave to her people was that same great heart of a woman and a mother..." |
Question 6 Explanation:
The correct answer is (B). This statement reflects a reevaluation of historical narratives in light of contemporary values, including nationalism. By reconsidering Raziya's story, the author engages with a form of nationalism that seeks to reclaim and reinterpret India's past outside of colonial perspectives. This effort to correct historical wrongs and celebrate indigenous figures is aligned with the broader nationalist movements that sought to establish a distinct Indian identity separate from British colonial rule.
Question 7 |
“…So Raziya lost her kingdom because she was not enough of a woman to make her people love a woman ruler; and she died, because she was a woman, and without protection. And her story is told here, for the reason that we know now that the old historian was wrong; and that a women need not fail even in the great work of a sovereign, only because she is a woman. Raziya failed because she thought that for success she must put aside her womanhood. Our Queen Victoria succeeded. And one of the things we know that she gave to her people was that same great heart of a woman and a mother, which poor Raziya believed that she must slay.”
—Cornelia Sorabji, Indian Tales of the Great One, 1916
—Cornelia Sorabji, Indian Tales of the Great One, 1916
All of the statements below about the author are true. Which statement accurately reflects a limitation of this source as a historical account of Raziya’s reign?
She was born in 1870 to a Parsee family in India | |
She was the first female law student at Oxford University | |
She preferred living in Britain and even favored British rule in India | |
She practiced law in India because she was banned from practicing in Britain |
Question 7 Explanation:
The correct answer is (C). Sorabji's preference for British rule and her favorable view of Queen Victoria may introduce bias into her recounting of Raziya's reign, potentially coloring the narrative with colonial sympathies. This perspective could limit the source's reliability in providing an unbiased historical account of Raziya’s reign, as it might downplay or overlook aspects of her rule that do not align with a pro-British viewpoint.
Question 8 |
“…So Raziya lost her kingdom because she was not enough of a woman to make her people love a woman ruler; and she died, because she was a woman, and without protection. And her story is told here, for the reason that we know now that the old historian was wrong; and that a women need not fail even in the great work of a sovereign, only because she is a woman. Raziya failed because she thought that for success she must put aside her womanhood. Our Queen Victoria succeeded. And one of the things we know that she gave to her people was that same great heart of a woman and a mother, which poor Raziya believed that she must slay.”
—Cornelia Sorabji, Indian Tales of the Great One, 1916
—Cornelia Sorabji, Indian Tales of the Great One, 1916
Which of the following was an important continuity underlying the construction of the literary piece above (during the early 20th century)?
Hindi was the dominant religion in India | |
Bombay was an important trading city in India | |
Traditional gender roles were followed in India | |
The garment industry was vital to the economy in India |
Question 8 Explanation:
The correct answer is (C). The narrative's focus on Raziya's struggle with her identity as a woman ruler and the comparison to Queen Victoria underscores the influence of traditional gender roles on the story's construction. Sorabji's exploration of these themes reflects the ongoing relevance of gender norms in India during the early 20th century, suggesting that societal expectations regarding gender played a significant role in shaping the narrative.
Question 9 |
“…So Raziya lost her kingdom because she was not enough of a woman to make her people love a woman ruler; and she died, because she was a woman, and without protection. And her story is told here, for the reason that we know now that the old historian was wrong; and that a women need not fail even in the great work of a sovereign, only because she is a woman. Raziya failed because she thought that for success she must put aside her womanhood. Our Queen Victoria succeeded. And one of the things we know that she gave to her people was that same great heart of a woman and a mother, which poor Raziya believed that she must slay.”
—Cornelia Sorabji, Indian Tales of the Great One, 1916
—Cornelia Sorabji, Indian Tales of the Great One, 1916
Both associated with Britain, how did the formation of the state of India compare with the United States?
The United States was a settler colony of Britain; India was an occupation colony | |
India’s landholdings were consolidated after a war with Britain; the U.S. was not | |
The United States was directly controlled by the British government; India was not | |
India was shaped by private ownership of a British trading company; the U.S. was not |
Question 9 Explanation:
The correct answer is (A). This distinction is crucial in understanding the different colonial experiences and paths to statehood of India and the United States. The U.S. was established through the settlement of British colonists who eventually sought independence, leading to the formation of a new nation through revolution. In contrast, India was an occupation colony, controlled and exploited for its resources, with its path to independence marked by a prolonged struggle against British imperial rule, highlighting different dynamics in their relationships with Britain.
Question 10 |
Questions 10–14 refer to the image below.
Sacking Guano to be Shipped by Automatic Trolley in the Ballestas Islands, Peru (1910)
The mining of guano is most similar to which of the following?
Rice cultivation in China | |
Sugar plantations in the Caribbean | |
Cotton production in the United States | |
Rubber extraction on the Congo basin |
Question 10 Explanation:
The correct answer is (D). Both guano mining and rubber extraction were driven by high demand in Western countries during a period of significant agricultural, industrial, and urban growth. These activities led to the creation of resource-based export economies in less developed regions, where the profits were often used to purchase finished goods from more developed countries. This similarity highlights the exploitative nature of these industries and their impact on local economies and environments.
Question 11 |
Sacking Guano to be Shipped by Automatic Trolley in the Ballestas Islands, Peru (1910)
The boom and bust of the guano industry is best understood in the context of which event?
Cultural revolution | |
Democratic revolution | |
Agricultural revolution | |
Anti-colonial revolution |
Question 11 Explanation:
The correct answer is (C). The demand for guano, particularly during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, was significantly driven by the agricultural revolution. The need for more effective fertilizers grew as global populations expanded rapidly, leading to a boom in guano mining. However, this industry eventually faced a decline as guano was replaced by synthetic nitrate-based fertilizers, illustrating the boom-and-bust cycle typical of resource-based industries.
Question 12 |
Sacking Guano to be Shipped by Automatic Trolley in the Ballestas Islands, Peru (1910)
A historian studying the decline of guano mining in Peru might corroborate the evidence in this image with which source?
A sociologist’s study on the impact of farming technologies | |
A Historian's record of anti-colonial revolutions in Latin America | |
An economist’s interpretation of resource exports around the globe | |
An environmentalist’s map of major storm events in the Pacific Ocean |
Question 12 Explanation:
The correct answer is (C). The decline of guano mining in Peru can be understood within the broader context of global resource export economies, which often experience cycles of boom and bust. An economist's analysis would provide insights into the economic patterns that affect such industries, including the factors leading to their rise and fall, and the long-term sustainability of relying on natural resource exports for economic development.
Question 13 |
Sacking Guano to be Shipped by Automatic Trolley in the Ballestas Islands, Peru (1910)
How did the guano industry impact the local ecosystems of the Ballestas Islands?
It caused significant environmental degradation due to intensive mining practices | |
It had minimal impact due to the sustainable harvesting methods employed | |
It led to the enhancement of biodiversity through the introduction of new species | |
It increased land stability and prevented erosion |
Question 13 Explanation:
The correct answer is (A). The guano industry, particularly on the Ballestas Islands, led to significant environmental degradation. The intensive extraction of guano, a valuable source of fertilizer due to its high nitrogen content, disrupted local ecosystems, depleted guano reserves, and affected the natural habitats of seabirds that are crucial for guano production. This example underscores the environmental cost of resource extraction industries.
Question 14 |
Sacking Guano to be Shipped by Automatic Trolley in the Ballestas Islands, Peru (1910)
What role did global demand for agricultural products play in the development of the guano industry?
It was a driving force behind the rapid expansion and eventual decline of the industry | |
It was a minor factor compared to local consumption needs | |
It had a negligible influence due to the availability of alternative fertilizers | |
It had a stabilizing effect that ensured the industry's long-term sustainability |
Question 14 Explanation:
The correct answer is (A). Global demand for agricultural products significantly influenced the development of the guano industry. As agricultural practices intensified worldwide, the need for effective fertilizers like guano soared, leading to the rapid expansion of guano mining. However, this demand also contributed to the industry's eventual decline as reserves were depleted and synthetic alternatives became available, highlighting the cyclical nature of resource-based economies.
Question 15 |
Questions 15–19 refer to the passage below.
“…There being fields, let all cultivate them; there being food, let all eat; there being clothes, let all be dressed; there being money, let all use it, so that nowhere does inequality exist, and no man is not well fed and clothed. All men and women, every individual of sixteen years and upwards, shall receive land, twice as much as those of fifteen years of age and under….
“In every circle of twenty-five families, all young boys must go to church every day, where the sergeant is to teach them to read the Old Testament and the New Testament, as well as the book of proclamations of the true ordained Sovereign....
“In the creation of an army, for each 13,156 families there must first be a corps general… the entire army numbering altogether 13,156 men… Each man throughout the empire who has a wife, sons, and daughters amounting to three or four mouths, or five, six, seven, eight, or nine mouths, must give up one to be a soldier…
“Throughout the empire all officials must every Sabbath, according to rank and position, reverently present sacrificial animals and offerings, sacrifice and worship, and praise the Heavenly Father, the Supreme Lord and Great God. They must also expound the Holy books; should any dare to neglect this duty, they shall be reduced to husbandmen. Respect this.”
—Hung Xiuquan, The Taiping Rebellion: History and Documents, 1853
“In every circle of twenty-five families, all young boys must go to church every day, where the sergeant is to teach them to read the Old Testament and the New Testament, as well as the book of proclamations of the true ordained Sovereign....
“In the creation of an army, for each 13,156 families there must first be a corps general… the entire army numbering altogether 13,156 men… Each man throughout the empire who has a wife, sons, and daughters amounting to three or four mouths, or five, six, seven, eight, or nine mouths, must give up one to be a soldier…
“Throughout the empire all officials must every Sabbath, according to rank and position, reverently present sacrificial animals and offerings, sacrifice and worship, and praise the Heavenly Father, the Supreme Lord and Great God. They must also expound the Holy books; should any dare to neglect this duty, they shall be reduced to husbandmen. Respect this.”
—Hung Xiuquan, The Taiping Rebellion: History and Documents, 1853
Which statement accurately reflects the connection between the Taiping Kingdom and European imperialism?
The Taiping Rebellion was a war against imperialist powers | |
The Taping Kingdom exported the commodity of Opium abroad | |
The Taiping Rebellion weakened the Qing Dynasty during the Opium Wars | |
The Taiping Kingdom supported the influence of the British and French |
Question 15 Explanation:
The correct answer is (C). The Taiping Rebellion significantly strained the Qing Dynasty, diverting resources and attention away from external threats and conflicts, such as those posed by European imperial powers during the Opium Wars. This internal strife made it more challenging for the Qing to effectively resist European encroachments, thereby indirectly facilitating the objectives of European imperialism in China.
Question 16 |
“…There being fields, let all cultivate them; there being food, let all eat; there being clothes, let all be dressed; there being money, let all use it, so that nowhere does inequality exist, and no man is not well fed and clothed. All men and women, every individual of sixteen years and upwards, shall receive land, twice as much as those of fifteen years of age and under….
“In every circle of twenty-five families, all young boys must go to church every day, where the sergeant is to teach them to read the Old Testament and the New Testament, as well as the book of proclamations of the true ordained Sovereign....
“In the creation of an army, for each 13,156 families there must first be a corps general… the entire army numbering altogether 13,156 men… Each man throughout the empire who has a wife, sons, and daughters amounting to three or four mouths, or five, six, seven, eight, or nine mouths, must give up one to be a soldier…
“Throughout the empire all officials must every Sabbath, according to rank and position, reverently present sacrificial animals and offerings, sacrifice and worship, and praise the Heavenly Father, the Supreme Lord and Great God. They must also expound the Holy books; should any dare to neglect this duty, they shall be reduced to husbandmen. Respect this.”
—Hung Xiuquan, The Taiping Rebellion: History and Documents, 1853
“In every circle of twenty-five families, all young boys must go to church every day, where the sergeant is to teach them to read the Old Testament and the New Testament, as well as the book of proclamations of the true ordained Sovereign....
“In the creation of an army, for each 13,156 families there must first be a corps general… the entire army numbering altogether 13,156 men… Each man throughout the empire who has a wife, sons, and daughters amounting to three or four mouths, or five, six, seven, eight, or nine mouths, must give up one to be a soldier…
“Throughout the empire all officials must every Sabbath, according to rank and position, reverently present sacrificial animals and offerings, sacrifice and worship, and praise the Heavenly Father, the Supreme Lord and Great God. They must also expound the Holy books; should any dare to neglect this duty, they shall be reduced to husbandmen. Respect this.”
—Hung Xiuquan, The Taiping Rebellion: History and Documents, 1853
What commodity was banned by the Taiping Kingdom, but highly sought after in Chinese and European markets?
Rubber | |
Copper | |
Cotton | |
Opium |
Question 16 Explanation:
The correct answer is (D). Opium was a highly sought-after commodity in Chinese and European markets, leading to significant social and economic consequences within China. The Taiping Kingdom, recognizing the detrimental effects of opium addiction on society, sought to ban its use. This stance was in direct opposition to the interests of European powers, particularly Britain, which profited from the opium trade between India and China.
Question 17 |
“…There being fields, let all cultivate them; there being food, let all eat; there being clothes, let all be dressed; there being money, let all use it, so that nowhere does inequality exist, and no man is not well fed and clothed. All men and women, every individual of sixteen years and upwards, shall receive land, twice as much as those of fifteen years of age and under….
“In every circle of twenty-five families, all young boys must go to church every day, where the sergeant is to teach them to read the Old Testament and the New Testament, as well as the book of proclamations of the true ordained Sovereign....
“In the creation of an army, for each 13,156 families there must first be a corps general… the entire army numbering altogether 13,156 men… Each man throughout the empire who has a wife, sons, and daughters amounting to three or four mouths, or five, six, seven, eight, or nine mouths, must give up one to be a soldier…
“Throughout the empire all officials must every Sabbath, according to rank and position, reverently present sacrificial animals and offerings, sacrifice and worship, and praise the Heavenly Father, the Supreme Lord and Great God. They must also expound the Holy books; should any dare to neglect this duty, they shall be reduced to husbandmen. Respect this.”
—Hung Xiuquan, The Taiping Rebellion: History and Documents, 1853
“In every circle of twenty-five families, all young boys must go to church every day, where the sergeant is to teach them to read the Old Testament and the New Testament, as well as the book of proclamations of the true ordained Sovereign....
“In the creation of an army, for each 13,156 families there must first be a corps general… the entire army numbering altogether 13,156 men… Each man throughout the empire who has a wife, sons, and daughters amounting to three or four mouths, or five, six, seven, eight, or nine mouths, must give up one to be a soldier…
“Throughout the empire all officials must every Sabbath, according to rank and position, reverently present sacrificial animals and offerings, sacrifice and worship, and praise the Heavenly Father, the Supreme Lord and Great God. They must also expound the Holy books; should any dare to neglect this duty, they shall be reduced to husbandmen. Respect this.”
—Hung Xiuquan, The Taiping Rebellion: History and Documents, 1853
Which excerpt from the source can be used as evidence to support a claim about the Taiping Kingdom’s lasting impact on China?
"...so that nowhere does inequality exist, and no man is not well fed and clothed." | |
"In every circle of twenty-five families, all young boys must go to church every day..." | |
"In the creation of an army, for each 13,156 families there must first be a corps general..." | |
"Each man throughout the empire who has a wife, sons, and daughters...must give up one to be a soldier..." |
Question 17 Explanation:
The correct answer is (A). This excerpt reflects the Taiping Kingdom's ideological commitment to social equality and the well-being of its subjects, a principle that contrasts sharply with the prevailing social hierarchies and inequalities of the time. While the Taiping Rebellion did not ultimately succeed in overthrowing the Qing Dynasty, its emphasis on equality and social reform had a lasting impact on Chinese society and contributed to the broader discourse on social justice and reform in China's subsequent history.
Question 18 |
“…There being fields, let all cultivate them; there being food, let all eat; there being clothes, let all be dressed; there being money, let all use it, so that nowhere does inequality exist, and no man is not well fed and clothed. All men and women, every individual of sixteen years and upwards, shall receive land, twice as much as those of fifteen years of age and under….
“In every circle of twenty-five families, all young boys must go to church every day, where the sergeant is to teach them to read the Old Testament and the New Testament, as well as the book of proclamations of the true ordained Sovereign....
“In the creation of an army, for each 13,156 families there must first be a corps general… the entire army numbering altogether 13,156 men… Each man throughout the empire who has a wife, sons, and daughters amounting to three or four mouths, or five, six, seven, eight, or nine mouths, must give up one to be a soldier…
“Throughout the empire all officials must every Sabbath, according to rank and position, reverently present sacrificial animals and offerings, sacrifice and worship, and praise the Heavenly Father, the Supreme Lord and Great God. They must also expound the Holy books; should any dare to neglect this duty, they shall be reduced to husbandmen. Respect this.”
—Hung Xiuquan, The Taiping Rebellion: History and Documents, 1853
“In every circle of twenty-five families, all young boys must go to church every day, where the sergeant is to teach them to read the Old Testament and the New Testament, as well as the book of proclamations of the true ordained Sovereign....
“In the creation of an army, for each 13,156 families there must first be a corps general… the entire army numbering altogether 13,156 men… Each man throughout the empire who has a wife, sons, and daughters amounting to three or four mouths, or five, six, seven, eight, or nine mouths, must give up one to be a soldier…
“Throughout the empire all officials must every Sabbath, according to rank and position, reverently present sacrificial animals and offerings, sacrifice and worship, and praise the Heavenly Father, the Supreme Lord and Great God. They must also expound the Holy books; should any dare to neglect this duty, they shall be reduced to husbandmen. Respect this.”
—Hung Xiuquan, The Taiping Rebellion: History and Documents, 1853
How did the Taiping Kingdom's religious policies differ from traditional Chinese practices?
They mandated Christian teachings and worship as part of its governance | |
They reinforced Confucian rituals and beliefs throughout the kingdom | |
They promoted Buddhism as the state religion | |
They abolished all forms of religious expression |
Question 18 Explanation:
The correct answer is (A). The Taiping Kingdom, led by Hong Xiuquan who believed himself to be the younger brother of Jesus Christ, sought to replace traditional Chinese religious practices with its own version of Christianity. This included daily church attendance for young boys and the promotion of Christian texts, marking a significant departure from the Confucian, Buddhist, and Taoist traditions that had long been prevalent in China.
Question 19 |
“…There being fields, let all cultivate them; there being food, let all eat; there being clothes, let all be dressed; there being money, let all use it, so that nowhere does inequality exist, and no man is not well fed and clothed. All men and women, every individual of sixteen years and upwards, shall receive land, twice as much as those of fifteen years of age and under….
“In every circle of twenty-five families, all young boys must go to church every day, where the sergeant is to teach them to read the Old Testament and the New Testament, as well as the book of proclamations of the true ordained Sovereign....
“In the creation of an army, for each 13,156 families there must first be a corps general… the entire army numbering altogether 13,156 men… Each man throughout the empire who has a wife, sons, and daughters amounting to three or four mouths, or five, six, seven, eight, or nine mouths, must give up one to be a soldier…
“Throughout the empire all officials must every Sabbath, according to rank and position, reverently present sacrificial animals and offerings, sacrifice and worship, and praise the Heavenly Father, the Supreme Lord and Great God. They must also expound the Holy books; should any dare to neglect this duty, they shall be reduced to husbandmen. Respect this.”
—Hung Xiuquan, The Taiping Rebellion: History and Documents, 1853
“In every circle of twenty-five families, all young boys must go to church every day, where the sergeant is to teach them to read the Old Testament and the New Testament, as well as the book of proclamations of the true ordained Sovereign....
“In the creation of an army, for each 13,156 families there must first be a corps general… the entire army numbering altogether 13,156 men… Each man throughout the empire who has a wife, sons, and daughters amounting to three or four mouths, or five, six, seven, eight, or nine mouths, must give up one to be a soldier…
“Throughout the empire all officials must every Sabbath, according to rank and position, reverently present sacrificial animals and offerings, sacrifice and worship, and praise the Heavenly Father, the Supreme Lord and Great God. They must also expound the Holy books; should any dare to neglect this duty, they shall be reduced to husbandmen. Respect this.”
—Hung Xiuquan, The Taiping Rebellion: History and Documents, 1853
What was the primary goal of the Taiping Kingdom's land distribution policy?
To increase the kingdom's wealth through agricultural exports | |
To eliminate social inequality by ensuring everyone had access to land and resources | |
To prepare for military expansion by training all citizens in agricultural self-sufficiency | |
To undermine the traditional power of the gentry and nobility |
Question 19 Explanation:
The correct answer is (B). The Taiping Kingdom's policy of distributing land to all men and women of certain ages was aimed at creating a more equitable society where inequality did not exist, and everyone was well-fed and clothed. This policy reflects the kingdom's broader ideological commitment to social justice and equality, challenging the deeply entrenched hierarchies and inequalities of Qing Dynasty China.
Question 20 |
Questions 20–24 refer to the image below.
Japanese Farmers at a Tea Plantation in Sao Paulo, Brazil (1930)
Which statement about Japanese immigration to Brazil is accurate?
The Meiji extended the Shogunate policies on immigration | |
The Meiji permitted emigration to address widespread unemployment | |
The Meiji reduced tariffs on Brazil in exchange for an open door to trade | |
The Meiji faced widespread droughts, which resulted in mass emigration |
Question 20 Explanation:
The correct answer is (B). During the Meiji Restoration, Japan underwent rapid industrialization and urbanization, which led to significant social and economic changes, including unemployment. To mitigate these challenges, the Meiji government allowed emigration, encouraging Japanese citizens to seek opportunities abroad, including in Brazil, with the hope that remittances sent home by emigrants would help alleviate economic pressures.
Question 21 |
Japanese Farmers at a Tea Plantation in Sao Paulo, Brazil (1930)
What comparison between Japanese immigrants in Brazil and immigrants in Europe during the same time can be drawn from the photograph?
Unlike most immigrants in Brazil, immigrants in Europe were often left jobless | |
Unlike most immigrants in Europe, immigrants in Brazil were unable to return home | |
Unlike most immigrants in Brazil, immigrants in Europe faced tremendous discrimination | |
Unlike most immigrants in Europe, Japanese immigrants in Brazil lived mostly on farms |
Question 21 Explanation:
The correct answer is (D). The photograph of Japanese farmers at a tea plantation in São Paulo, Brazil, highlights the agricultural nature of Japanese immigration to Brazil. This contrasts with the experience of many immigrants in Europe at the time, who were more likely to move to urban areas in search of industrial and service jobs. The agricultural opportunities in Brazil attracted Japanese immigrants, who often continued their farming practices in their new homeland.
Question 22 |
Japanese Farmers at a Tea Plantation in Sao Paulo, Brazil (1930)
What made Japanese immigration to Brazil unique compared to the Chinese in Peru, Cuba, and Mexico?
The Japanese were often sold into forced labor | |
The Japanese were free to relocate as needed for work | |
The Japanese were transported to Brazil under convict labor contracts | |
The Japanese were so burdened by debt that many chose indentured servitude |
Question 22 Explanation:
The correct answer is (B). Unlike the Chinese experience in countries like Peru, Cuba, and Mexico, where many were subjected to forced labor or indentured servitude, Japanese immigrants to Brazil had more freedom to seek employment and relocate as needed. This relative autonomy allowed Japanese immigrants to establish communities and pursue agricultural work, notably on coffee and tea plantations, under better conditions.
Question 23 |
Japanese Farmers at a Tea Plantation in Sao Paulo, Brazil (1930)
How did the economic conditions in Japan during the Meiji Restoration influence Japanese immigration to Brazil?
They created a need for employment opportunities abroad due to domestic unemployment | |
They led to overpopulation in rural areas, forcing farmers to seek land overseas | |
They improved economic conditions in Japan, encouraging investment in foreign agriculture | |
They enforced strict emigration laws that pushed Japanese citizens to seek refuge in Brazil |
Question 23 Explanation:
The correct answer is (A). The economic transformations and rapid industrialization during the Meiji Restoration led to unemployment and social dislocation for many Japanese citizens. These conditions prompted the government to permit and sometimes encourage emigration as a solution to domestic economic challenges, leading many to seek better opportunities in Brazil, where demand for labor on coffee and tea plantations offered a new start.
Question 24 |
Japanese Farmers at a Tea Plantation in Sao Paulo, Brazil (1930)
In what way did the Japanese government facilitate the migration of its citizens to Brazil?
By negotiating labor agreements directly with the Brazilian government | |
By providing information and assistance to potential emigrants | |
By imposing taxes on remittances sent home by emigrants in Brazil | |
By restricting emigration to only those with agricultural skills |
Question 24 Explanation:
The correct answer is (B). The Japanese government played a role in facilitating migration to Brazil by providing information, assistance, and sometimes subsidies to potential emigrants. This support helped Japanese citizens navigate the challenges of relocating to a new country and adapting to life in Brazil, contrasting with the more coercive or restrictive migration policies of other periods and places.
Question 25 |
Questions 25–28 refer to the maps below.
What explains the similarities between both maps?
People with the same culture settled together | |
Urban planners used a similar model of development | |
Gentrification caused the displacement of low income residents | |
One imperial elite family transplanted themselves around the globe |
Question 25 Explanation:
The correct answer is (A). The similarities between the maps of Toronto and Palmerston, NZ, particularly with areas like Little Italy being highlighted, suggest that immigrants from similar cultural backgrounds tended to settle close to each other. This pattern of settlement allowed immigrants to maintain cultural practices, support networks, and a sense of community in a foreign land. Ethnic enclaves like Little Italy are a testament to the way immigrants have historically clustered in specific neighborhoods, bringing their customs, languages, and traditions with them.
Question 26 |
Which statement most accurately reflects the environment in both ethnic enclaves mapped above during the 19th century?
Italian-owned restaurants, shops, and businesses dominated the area | |
Community gatherings were largely dictated by the influence of the church | |
Residents experienced greater economic prosperity than they did back home | |
A spirit of innovation led to faster developments in transportation and industry |
Question 26 Explanation:
The correct answer is (A). Ethnic enclaves such as those depicted in the maps were characterized by a strong presence of businesses and establishments owned by immigrants from the same cultural background. These businesses not only provided goods and services that were familiar to the community but also helped to sustain the cultural identity of the enclave. Italian-owned restaurants, shops, and other businesses would have been central to the life of the enclave, serving as gathering places and economic hubs for the immigrant community.
Question 27 |
Which description most accurately depicts migrants to the areas shown above?
Mostly males looking for work | |
Mostly women looking for opportunities | |
Mostly married couples looking to escape poverty | |
Mostly families with kids looking for a better future |
Question 27 Explanation:
The correct answer is (D). The migration patterns to areas like those shown in the maps often involved entire families seeking new opportunities and a better future away from the economic hardships or political turmoil of their home countries. While single men may have been among the first to migrate in search of work, the establishment of ethnic enclaves and the promise of community support made it feasible for whole families to relocate and try to build a new life together.
Question 28 |
Historians might attribute the trends on the maps above to which change during the 19th century?
The development of industrial capitalism | |
The establishment of new colonies and states | |
The revolution and rebellion against existing governments | |
The emergence of transoceanic empires and a global economy |
Question 28 Explanation:
The correct answer is (D). The patterns of migration and the establishment of ethnic enclaves like those depicted in the maps can be attributed to the broader context of the 19th century, which saw the rise of transoceanic empires and the integration of global economies. This period was marked by increased mobility, with empires facilitating the movement of people across continents for work or trade or as a result of colonization. The global economy created new opportunities and challenges, prompting significant migration flows that shaped cities around the world.
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