Which of the following nucleic acids is not found in RNA?

Which is the correct sequence of information flow in a cell?

What aspect of the DNA molecule allows for it to replicate a duplicate copy of itself?

What is the name of the DNA strand that elongates away from the replication fork in a series of segments?

DNA replication begins at short stretches of DNA with a specific sequence of nucleotides called:

Which enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of new DNA by adding nucleotides to a preexisting chain?

Which statement best describes the function of the promoter?

During this stage of gene expression, genetic information is copied from the template strand of DNA.

During this stage of gene expression, mRNA is processed through ribosomes and amino acids are linked together into chains.

This process involves modifying the ends of the pre-mRNA molecules by modifying each end, cutting out introns and splicing remaining parts together.

Which answer shows the correct sequence of information flow from gene to protein?

If a DNA template strand has the following sequence, what is the correct mRNA sequence?

DNA Template Strand Sequence: AAACCGAGT

Questions 15–16

If a codon has the following sequence, what is the anticodon?

Codon: UCA

If a DNA template strand’s DNA sequence is AAA, what amino acid will be formed?

Chromosome structure can be altered by damages to the chromosome, or during an error in meiosis.

When a chromosomal fragment reattaches to the original chromosome in reverse order, it is called:

If a mutation in a cell inhibits the production of a tumor-suppressor protein, the cell is much more likely to:

What type of point mutation causes translation to be terminated prematurely, resulting in a shorter polypeptide than was encoded by the normal gene?

This type of mutation frequently alters the genetic message by changing the reading frame, causing all the nucleotides “downstream” of the mutation to be improperly grouped into codons.

What enzyme is responsible for the information flow of RNA to DNA in retroviruses, such as HIV, allowing the virus’s genetic information to be permanently integrated into the hosts cell’s DNA?

Questions 22–23

In the classic experiment by Frederick Griffith, two strains of the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae were studied. The smooth “S” strain bacteria can cause pneumonia in mice because they have a capsule that protects them from the defense system of animals. The rough “R” strain bacteria do not have a capsule, and are thus nonpathogenic. Griffith injected the mice with two strains of the bacteria to test for the trait of pathogenicity.

What important conclusion did Griffith reach after conducting his experiment?

In the classic experiment by Frederick Griffith, two strains of the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae were studied. The smooth “S” strain bacteria can cause pneumonia in mice because they have a capsule that protects them from the defense system of animals. The rough “R” strain bacteria do not have a capsule, and are thus nonpathogenic. Griffith injected the mice with two strains of the bacteria to test for the trait of pathogenicity.

Which group demonstrates that DNA is the agent of transformation?

Bacteriophages are able to carry bacterial genes from one host cell to another resulting in genetic recombination. This process is called:

This expression of different genes by cells within the same genome is known as:

Which statement best describes the role of the tryptophan operon when adequate tryptophan is present in the cell?

The figure below shows three genotypes for an unknown gene. Lane 1 is DNA bands of known lengths. The dominant allele DNA fragment is shorter than the recessive allele fragment. Which lane represents the homozygous dominant genotype.

A scientist successfully inserts a human insulin gene into a bacterial plasmid. After introducing the recombinant plasmid into E. coli cells, the bacteria are able to produce human insulin. This process is an example of:

A researcher is attempting to express a eukaryotic gene in a prokaryotic cell. The gene is successfully transcribed and translated, but the resulting protein is non-functional and significantly longer than the expected size. Which of the following is the most likely reason for this outcome?

Which of the following best describes epigenetic regulation?

Which of the following describes the correct order of organelles involved in the synthesis, processing, and secretion of insulin, a protein hormone?

A mutation occurs in a DNA sequence, changing a single nucleotide but resulting in the same amino acid being incorporated into the protein. This type of mutation is most likely to be:

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies how a mutation’s effect on an organism is dependent on the environmental context?

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates how the amount of a gene product can influence an organism’s phenotype?

MyoD acts as a master regulatory gene in muscle precursor cells. Expression of this gene produces a transcription factor that induces other muscle-specific genes, which then activate the genes that lead to the muscle cell development. This is an example of which of the following?

RNA polymerase reads the template strand of DNA  _________________ and builds the RNA strand __________________

Codons are read three nucleotides at a time. A mutation to which nucleotide in the codon often results in no change to the amino acid added to the polypeptide?